Machine Translation

Bozena Henisz-Dostert, R. R. Macdonald, Michael Zarechnak

• Publisher: De Gruyter Mouton
• Year: 2011
• Print ISBN: 9789027978363
• eBook ISBN: 9783110816679
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Sprachen & Linguistik
• Subtopic: Sprachwissenschaft

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Table of contents

• Preface
• Part I The history of machine translation
• Introduction
• 1 Early concepts of machine translation
• 1.1 Pre-computer machine translation
• 1.2 New impetus to machine translation with the birth of computers
• 1.3 Booth's article on the historical background of machine translation
• 1.4 Outside evaluation of the Georgetown University machine- translation system
• 2 Léon Dostert and the 1954 experiment
• 2.1 Professor Léon Dostert
• 2.2 Linguistic basis of P. Garvin
• 2.3 Macdonald's general report on the Georgetown Unyversity machine translation research project
• 3 Description and analysis of machine-translation development
• 3.1 Bar-Hillel's report on automatic translation of language
• 3.2 Josselson's views on the historical development of machine translation
• 3.3 Government support of machine translation and its advisory committee (ALPAC)
• 3.4 Machine translation in Western Europe
• 3.5 Klein's criticism of practical machine-translation research
• 3.6 Machine translation in Bulgaria
• 4 Machine translation in the Soviet Union
• 4.1 Kenneth E. Harper's article on machine translation in the USSR
• 4.2 The theoretical approach toward machine translation in the USSR
• 4.3 The latest developments in the USSR
• 5 Directions for future development of machine-translation research: the Rosslyn machine-translation seminar
• 6 Conclusions
• Part II The problem of machine translation
• Introduction
• 1 Preliminary
• 1.1 The text
• 1.2 Thecomputer
• 1.3 Pre-editing
• 1.4 Transcription
• 1.5 The dictionary
• 2 Processing
• 2.1 Segmentation
• 2.2 Idioms
• 2.3 Exclusions
• 2.4 Interpolation
• 2.5 Gap analysis
• 2.6 Syntactic analysis
• 2.7 Semantic analysis
• 2.8 Artifical intelligence
• 2.9 Synthesis
• 3 Post-editing
• 4 Types of systems
• 4.1 Empirical vs theoretical
• 4.2 A typical empirical approach
• 4.3 A typical theoretical approach
• 4.4 Melded systems
• Part III Users' evaluation of machine translation Bozena Henisz-Dostert
• Introduction
• 1 Machine-translation activity at Euratom and Oak Ridge
• 1.1 Analysis of records
• 1.2 Requests from outside
• 2 How the data were collected
• 2.1 The nature of the questionnaire
• 2.2 How the users were reached
• 3 Analysis of questionnaire results
• 3.1 The users
• 3.2 The analysis of the answers
• 3.3 Summary and conclusions
• Appendix
• 1 Questionnaire on the use of machine translation
• 2 Partial list of ETC clients
• 3 A sample of users' letters of evaluation
• Bibliography
• Machine translation samples
• Author index
• Subject index