Amazing Thinkers & Humanitarians

B2

Katerina Mestheneou, Fiona MacKenzie

• Publisher: Collins
• Year: 2014
• Print ISBN: 9780007544998
• eBook ISBN: 9780007556953
• Topic: Languages & Linguistics
• Subtopic: English Language
• Index: Languages & Linguistics

The inspiring stories of 6 people who changed history.

GLOSSARY

abolish TRANSITIVE VERB

If someone in authority abolishes a practice or organization, they put an end to it.

apply TRANSITIVE VERB

If you apply a rule or piece of knowledge, you use it in a situation or activity.

apprentice COUNTABLE NOUN

An apprentice is a person who works with someone in order to learn their skill.

aristocracy COUNTABLE NOUN

The aristocracy is a class of people in some countries who have a high social rank and special titles.

aristocratic ADJECTIVE

Aristocratic means belonging to or typical of the aristocracy.

assassinate TRANSITIVE VERB

If someone important is assassinated, they are murdered as a political act.

brutal ADJECTIVE

A brutal act or person is cruel and violent.

capitalism UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which property, business, and industry are owned by private individuals and not by the state.

cargo (cargoes) VARIABLE NOUN

The cargo of a ship or plane is the goods that it is carrying.

caste COUNTABLE NOUN

A caste is one of the social classes into which people in a Hindu society are divided.

chariot COUNTABLE NOUN

In ancient times, chariots were fast-moving vehicles with two wheels that were pulled by horses.

civil war VARIABLE NOUN

A civil war is a war that is fought between different groups of people living in the same country.

colonist COUNTABLE NOUN

Colonists are people who start a colony.

colony COUNTABLE NOUN

A colony is a country that is controlled by a more powerful country.

communism UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Communism is the political belief that all people are equal and that workers should control the means of producing things.

communist ADJECTIVE

Communist organizations support and believe in communism.

corruption UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Corruption is dishonesty and illegal behaviour by people in positions of power.

country estate COUNTABLE NOUN

A country estate is a large area of land in the country owned by one person.

cramped ADJECTIVE

A cramped room or building is not big enough for the people or things in it.

culture shock VARIABLE NOUN

Culture shock is a feeling of anxiety and confusion you get when you first arrive in another country because it is very different to what you are used to.

deck

below decks If someone is below decks on a ship, they are in the lower part of it.

dedicate TRANSITIVE VERB

If a book, song, or event is dedicated to someone, it is written, performed, or organized for them as a sign of affection or respect.

disobey TRANSITIVE VERB

When someone disobeys a person or an order, they deliberately do not do what they have been told to do.

doctorate COUNTABLE NOUN

A doctorate is the highest degree awarded by a university.

elder COUNTABLE NOUN

An elder is someone in your family or community who is older than you.

empire COUNTABLE NOUN

An empire is a group of countries controlled by one powerful country.

endurance UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Endurance is the ability to continue with a difficult experience or activity over a long period of time.

ethical ADJECTIVE

If you describe something you do as ethical, you mean that it is morally right or acceptable.

ethics PLURAL NOUN

Ethics are moral beliefs and rules about right and wrong.

famine VARIABLE NOUN

A famine is a serious shortage of food in a country, which may cause many deaths.

filth UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Filth is a disgusting amount of dirt.

filthy ADJECTIVE

Something that is filthy is very dirty indeed.

frustration UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Frustration is a feeling of anger you get when you cannot do anything about a problem.

gamble INTRANSITIVE VERB

If you gamble, you bet money on the result of a game, race, or competition.

gas TRANSITIVE VERB

To gas a person or animal means to kill them by making them breathe poisonous gas.

gather TRANSITIVE VERB,
INTRANSITIVE VERB

When people gather somewhere, they come together in a group.

greedy ADJECTIVE

Someone who is greedy wants more of something than is necessary or fair.

hardship UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Hardship is a situation in which your life is difficult or unpleasant.

horrified ADJECTIVE

If someone is horrified, they feel shocked, disappointed, or disgusted.

humanities PLURAL NOUN

The humanities are subjects such as literature, philosophy, and history that are concerned with human ideas and behaviour.

humiliating ADJECTIVE

If something is humiliating, it embarrasses you and makes you feel ashamed and stupid.

ignorance UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Ignorance of something is lack of knowledge about it.

immorality UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

Immorality is behaviour that is morally wrong.

imperial ADJECTIVE

Imperial means belonging or relating to an empire, emperor, or empress.

inevitable ADJECTIVE

If something is inevitable, it is certain to happen and cannot be prevented or avoided.

influential ADJECTIVE

Someone who is influential has a lot of influence over people or events.

inherit TRANSITI...

Table of contents

• Title Page
• Contents
• Introduction
• The Grading Scheme
• Confucius
• Socrates
• Aristotle
• William Wilberforce
• Karl Marx
• Mahatma Gandhi
• Glossary
• Keep Reading
• Copyright
• About the Publisher