What Is Brainstorming?
Brainstorming is a tool used to generate creative solutions to a problem. It was developed in the mid-1900s by a Madison Avenue advertising executive, Alex Osborn. He described it as āa conference technique by which a group attempts to find a solution for a specific problem by amassing all the ideas spontaneously by its members.ā
Brainstorming combines lateral thinking with a relaxed, informal approach. It uses a set of rules or techniques that encourage team members to come up with ideas, which are at times absurd, bizarre, or ridiculous! Some of the craziest ideas, however, can be crafted into workable, original solutions to the problem. Or, they may spark still more ideas from the group that are themselves more workable.
Why Use Brainstorming?
Brainstorming encourages members of a team to break out of their stale, overused, and established patterns of thinking. Fresh, unique, and different solutions are sought out for problems old and new. Brainstorming jolts team members out of the ātried and true,ā which is no longer working, and into uncharted, creative territory.
Brainstorming brings out and leverages the diverse experience and creativity of all team members. If two heads are better than one, imagine how much better a whole team of heads will be!
Brainstorming involves everyone. Team members feel included, which boosts morale. And since they were part of the solution, they are much more inclined to buy into that solution.
Brainstorming builds camaraderie and teamwork. Differences are not only respected, but welcomed and encouraged. Team members bond with one another because thereās a feeling of respect and inclusiveness that pulls them together for a common purpose.
Brainstorming avoids problems associated with traditional group problem solving. Big egos are left at the door. Authority in the room is neutralized. Less assertive team members are included, even encouraged to participate. Pressure to come up with a total, complete, and flawless solution is relieved. Groupthinkāwhere team members, in an attempt to avoid conflict, reach consensus without really evaluating optionsāis minimized; team members are freed up to think āoutside the box.ā
Best of all, brainstorming is fun! It provides a positive, upbeat, and affirming experience for the team. And this carries over into regular day-to-day work.
What Are the Basic Rules of Brainstorming?
There are four basic rules for brainstorming. These are meant to reduce social inhibitions among team members, stimulate idea generation, and improve the overall creativity of the teamās work.
Rule #1: Focus on quantity, not quality (quantity will lead to quality later).
We need to think up plenty of tentative ideas, because, in ideation, quantity helps breed quality
āALEX OSBORN
During a brainstorming session, the focus is entirely on quantity. There will be time later to qualify, or judge, the ideas, but for now, itās all about quantity. Everything should be aimed at generating more and more ideas, regardless of their quality. The underlying belief is that itās easier to pick good ideas (later) from a larger list than from a shorter one. Itās easier to evaluate or modify an idea (later) than it is to create a new one.
A fast-paced session focused on quantity reduces the likelihood of team members trying to evaluate ideas prematurely (see Rule #2 below).
It also promotes uninhibited thinking, which leads to wild, outlandish ideas (see Rule #3 below)āand in the context of brainstorming, outlandish is good.
And, participants will find it fairly easy then to create good ideas by combining lots of little ideas (see Rule #4 below).
Keep the ideas short. Donāt discuss the details of any idea. Just capture its essence and move on to the next idea quickly. With the focus off the idea itself, team members will feel less pressure to come up with āgood ideas,ā ācomplete solutions,ā or those that are āwell thought out.ā
Think fast, reflect later.
Rule #2: Withhold evaluation (at least for now).
We should hold back criticism until the creative current has had every chance to flow.
āALEX OSBORN
For most people, this is the most difficult rule. Hold off passing judgment on the ideas until after the brainstorming session is complete. This means no comments of how an idea is not feasible or what its downside is. While brainstorming, consider all ideas equally valid, and keep moving. This practice helps reduce inhibition in the team members, which then prompts greater quantity (see Rule #1).
Critiquing ideas takes brain power that could and should be devoted to idea generation.
Even positive reinforcement is taboo during brainstorming. If someoneās idea gets lauded, what kind of pressure might that person feel to come up with another āgoodā idea? And how will the next person feel if their idea is not praised?
Every idea may be a great solution. It may also spark another, different idea that may be a great solution (see Rule #4). Yes, even the silliest ideas can spark better ones. Judgment is strictly forbidden, so the good and the seemingly not-so-good ideas emerge.
Once more: no evaluation! Reinforce this rule by writing everything that is said, no matter how ridiculous. A team member may say, āNo, I was just kidding!ā Write it anyway. The message is that there really is no such thing as a bad idea right now. Anything and everything is gladly accepted.
Rule #3: Encourage wild, outlandish ideas (nothing is too extreme ā¦ yet).
It is easier to tone down a wild idea than to think up a new one.
āALEX OSBORN
Sometimes, the wilder and more outlandish the idea, the better. Sure, they may not make the cut when you do get to evaluating them, but often itās the bizarre and unworkable ideas that spark further ideas that turn out to be very doable indeed. Itās easier to tame a wild idea into a valid solution than to try to boost a common idea into an original solution.
During brainstorming, no idea is too ridiculous or extreme. Raising the limits of acceptable ideas encourages team members to lower their inhibitions and generate more (see Rule #1) and better ideas. This is the rule that validates everyoneās unique viewpoint and perspective.
Encourage out-of-the-box thinking. Way out of the box. Push for the exaggerated and the extreme. But in so doing, donāt overlook the obvious. The plan is to keep everything a possibility for now.
Rule #4: Combine or build on ideas from others (because synergy means 1 + 1 = 3).
Most people have never learned ā¦ that they do possess the gift of creative imagination.
āALEX OSBORN
Hereās where the synergy of the group comes into play. Team members use each otherās ideas ...