Mussolini's Intellectuals

Fascist Social and Political Thought

A. James Gregor

• Publisher: Princeton University Press
• Year: 2009
• Print ISBN: 9780691127903, 9780691120096
• eBook ISBN: 9781400826346
• Topic: Política y relaciones internacionales
• Subtopic: Historia italiana

Fascism has traditionally been characterized as irrational and anti-intellectual, finding expression exclusively as a cluster of myths, emotions, instincts, and hatreds. This intellectual history of Italian Fascism--the product of four decades of work by one of the leading experts on the subject in the English-speaking world--provides an alternative account. A. James Gregor argues that Italian Fascism may have been a flawed system of belief, but it was neither more nor less irrational than other revolutionary ideologies of the twentieth century. Gregor makes this case by presenting for the first time a chronological account of the major intellectual figures of Italian Fascism, tracing how the movement's ideas evolved in response to social and political developments inside and outside of Italy.


Gregor follows Fascist thought from its beginnings in socialist ideology about the time of the First World War--when Mussolini himself was a leader of revolutionary socialism--through its evolution into a separate body of thought and to its destruction in the Second World War. Along the way, Gregor offers extended accounts of some of Italian Fascism's major thinkers, including Sergio Panunzio and Ugo Spirito, Alfredo Rocco (Mussolini's Minister of Justice), and Julius Evola, a bizarre and sinister figure who has inspired much contemporary "neofascism."


Gregor's account reveals the flaws and tensions that dogged Fascist thought from the beginning, but shows that if we want to come to grips with one of the most important political movements of the twentieth century, we nevertheless need to understand that Fascism had serious intellectual as well as visceral roots.

Table of contents

• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• CHAPTER ONE Some Issues in the Intellectual History of Fascism
• CHAPTER TWO The Historic Background and Enrico Corradini
• CHAPTER THREE Alfredo Rocco and the Elements of Fascist Doctrine
• CHAPTER FOUR Sergio Panunzio: From Revolutionary to National Syndicalism
• CHAPTER FIVE Idealism, Ugo Spirito, and the Outlines of Fascist Doctrine
• CHAPTER SIX Ugo Spirito and the Rationale of the Ugo Spirito and the Rationale of the Corporative State
• CHAPTER SEVEN Sergio Panunzio and the Maturing of Fascist Doctrine
• CHAPTER EIGHT Camillo Pellizzi, Carlo Costamagna, and the Final Issues
• CHAPTER NINE Doctrinal Interlude: The Initiatic Racism of Julius Evola
• CHAPTER TEN Doctrinal Continuity and the Fascist Social Republic
• CHAPTER ELEVEN Conclusions