Public Spaces, Private Gardens

A History of Designed Landscapes in New Orleans

Lake Douglas

• Publisher: LSU Press
• Year: 2011
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• eBook ISBN:
  9780807139721
• Subtopic: Environmental Science
• Index: Biological Sciences

Landscape architect Lake Douglas employs written accounts, archival data, historic photographs, lithographs, maps, and city planning documents -- many of which have never before been published -- to explore public and private outdoor spaces in New Orleans and those who shaped them. The result offers the first in-depth examination of the city's landscape history.
Douglas presents this "beautiful and imposing" city as a work of art crafted by numerous influences. His survey from the colonial period to the twentieth century finds that geography, climate, and, above all, the multicultural character of its residents have made New Orleans unique in American landscape design history. French and Spanish settlers, Africans and Native Americans, as well as immigrants from Germany, Ireland, Italy, and other parts of the world all participated in creating this community's unique public and private landscapes. Places such as Congo Square, Audubon Park, the river levees, and "neutral grounds" -- local residents' own term for medians -- together with ordinary residential gardens are all testaments to the city's international imprint.
Douglas identifies five types of public and private designed landscapes in New Orleans: squares, linear open spaces, urban parks, commercial pleasure gardens, and domestic gardens. Discussing their design, function, and content, he shows how specific examples of each contribute to the city's unique character and also fit within the larger context of American landscape design history. Each type has its own complexion and reflects the influence of those who occupied it. Though New Orleanians lived in strata according to language, cultural identity, economics, and race, they found common ground, literally, in their community's landscapes.
Douglas's sweeping study, illustrated with over 90 color and black-and-white images, includes an exploration of archival horticultural books, almanacs, and periodicals; information about laborers who actually built landscapes; details of horticultural commerce, services, and marketing materials; and an exhaustive inventory of plants grown in New Orleans for agricultural, medicinal, and ornamental uses.
Public Spaces, Private Gardens provides an informative look at two hundred years of the designed landscapes and horticulture of New Orleans and a fresh perspective on one of America's most interesting and historic cities.

INDEX

Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.

Advertisements. See Newspaper advertisements

Affleck, Joseph, 154, 258n7

Affleck, Thomas, 183, 187, 189–95, 205–6, 208, 211, 212, 222, 253n25, 262n1, 263n6, 263n9

Almanacs of, 183, 189, 191–95, 192, 205–6, 208, 211, 212, 222, 253n25

Africa, 139

African Americans: and agriculture, 139, 141–45, 169, 170–71

and Congo Square, 23–25, 80, 161–62, 171

and free people of color, 72–73, 170, 171, 249n10

and Lincoln Beach, 250n11

and marketplaces, 159–61, 160

and pleasure gardens, 69, 71–73

and Pontchartrain Park, 249–50n11

and Spanish Fort, 91, 93. See also Segregation; Slaves

Agriculture: in Africa, 139

in colonial New Orleans, 135, 138–43, 169–71

crop rotation and soil augmentation, 257n6

decline in employment in, 171–72

domestic gardens for food production generally, 9, 100, 113, 124, 125

and German immigrants, 39, 140–42, 169, 176, 177, 179, 254n35

Jeffersonian view of, 172

and Native Americans, 4, 5, 135–37, 141, 142, 145, 169, 171, 179, 201

and New Orleans as “agrarian city,” 172

in nineteenth century, 172

and runaway slaves, 170–71

single-crop system of, dependent on slavery, 172

and slaves, 139, 141–45, 169, 172, 174, 179. See also specific crops

Aime, Valcour, 197, 263n3

Alcott, Amos Bronson, 248n6

Alferez, Enrique, 51, 52, 53, 246n23

Algiers pleasure gardens, 68

Allard Plantation, 47, 50

Allen, A. B., 189–90

Allen, R. L., 189–90

Almanacs (Affleck), 183, 189, 191–95, 192, 205–6, 208, 211, 212, 2...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• Preface
• Introduction: A “Beautiful and Imposing City”
• I. Public Open Spaces in New Orleans
• II. Commercial Open Spaces: “For use and for Pleasure”
• III. Domestic Garden Design
• IV. Horticultural Content: Plants and Their Uses
• V. Nineteenth-Century Horticultural Commerce
• VI. Workforce Characteristics: Gardeners, Seedsmen, and “Flourist” Planters
• VII. Horticultural Literature
• VIII. Compiling Plant Lists for New Orleans Gardens
• Concluding Comments
• Afterword: Perceiving the New Orleans Landscape, by John H. Lawrence
• Appendix
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index