The Duffer's Guide to Painting Watercolour Landscapes

Don Harrison

• Publisher: Collins
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780004133997
• eBook ISBN: 9780008352431
• Topic: Politics & International Relations
• Subtopic: Art Techniques
• Index: Politics & International Relations

This ebook on landscape painting in watercolour is a no-nonsense guide that really gets down to basics.

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WINTER LANDSCAPES

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Painting winter scenes can be rewarding for many reasons. The trees are so much more interesting than in summer because you can see more of their structure and the sky is often dark and brooding, offering excellent opportunities to practise heavy graduated washes. The lower sun casts longer shadows and these can be used to emphasize the contours and convey the undulations of the land – in particular, the furrows and small clods of earth on a ploughed field or a rutted farm track.

Even a light dusting of snow can transform a dreary landscape and give it a magical quality. It is often difficult to paint on location in cold or wet weather, so photographs or quick sketches can provide the references you need to paint the scene in comfort at home. I often paint familiar views as imaginary snow scenes and this is an excellent way to expand your repertoire.

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ALMOST HOME

38 × 56 cm (15 × 22 in)

The curving snow-covered track leads the eye to the two figures who provide added interest and a sense of scale to this winter scene. The lighter area in the lower part of the sky helps the darker colours of the building to stand out.

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Distant trees

Distant trees are seen through layers of dust in the atmosphere, so colours appear pale and muted – usually light blue/green or blue/violet. They can be painted in various ways, so use whichever method you find easier. Remember not to make them too dark in tone.

exercise

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• Using a pale, but not too watery, mix of Cobalt Blue, lay a medium round brush on its side really flat to the paper so the sides of the bristles are in contact with the surface. Without lifting the brush away from the paper, and with an up and down movement, paint a ragged line of distant trees. It is important to vary the height and shape of the tree clusters.
• Next, use a fairly dry pale blue/green mix of French Ultramarine and Lemon Yellow and a flat brush. Remove surplus paint on a piece of scrap paper and, holding the brush at an angle, use the corner of the bristles, pulling downwards in a dabbing motion to create a ragged top edge and baseline to the clusters.
• Once again a flat brush is used with a pale blue mix of French Ultramarine. Wipe the bristles back and forth across the palette to flatten the brush, which forms a chisel edge to the bristles. Then hold it fairly flat to the paper surface. Press it onto the horizon line, then pull it briskly up onto the dry paper, lifting at the same time to form a ragged edge to the tops of the trees. Do not work over the area more than once or you may lift off the first layer.

Using the sides of the bristles leaves rough painted edges for foliage.

Vertical dabs with the corner of the bristles produce random effects.

Brisk upward strokes leave a ragged top edge.

As these three examples show, different brushes can be used in different ways to achieve the same effect – in this instance, ragged edges for distant trees.

Mid-distance trees and hedgerows

Paint trees and hedgerows together, using wet-in-wet technique and working from light to dark. Vary the height of the tree line and leave the tops of hedgerows light in colour and the base dark and ragged – remember they are not neatly trimmed garden hedges.

exercise

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• Start with a light underwash of Lemon Yellow mixed with Raw Sienna. Apply the colour with a flat brush pulled upwards onto dry paper, leaving a ragged edge along the top of the tree line.
• Before the paint dries, blend in a touch of Alizarin Crimson in places. When this is almost dry mix Cobalt Blue with the Crimson to make a dulled violet and use this to add shadow areas and to suggest trunks and branches.
• Add French Ultramarine and a touch of Burnt Umber to the mix and, with a medium round brush, use this stronger blue/grey for darker trees, branches and hedges. Add more of each colour to paint darker areas and shadows. For the hedgerows the paint mixture should be very dry. Paint them with a flat brush, using short vertical strokes.
• Use a rigger to suggest finer branches and a palette knife to scratch out light trunks and branches from almost dry paint.
• For the light foliage clinging to the branches use a pale yellow/brown mix of Raw Sienna with a touch of French Ultramarine and Alizarin Crimson added. Apply this with an up and down movement, using a medium round brush on its side, flat to the paper.

Build the colours up layer by layer, light to dark, to achieve the effect of varied foliage. Leave some of the lighter colours to show through in places.

Drawing winter trees

The branches of most trees zig-zag upwards and outwards towards the light in a series of slightly curved lines, repeatedly changing direction and getting progressively thinner. A common mistake is to make the upper branches thicker than the lower ones.

exercise

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• Mark the overall height of the tree. Indicate the ground level, using a ragged line. Draw the trunk a third of the total height, ensuring it is in proportion – not too wide for the height of the tree, not too thin and straight and not tapering in at the top. Draw a faint ragged guideline to suggest the outer shape of the tree. Avoid making it too even in shape. Now draw two rough ‘V’ shaped guidelines from the top of the trunk to show the position of the main branches. Divide the width of the trunk at the top into two and extend the two halves of the trunk upwards and outwards as two thick branches, rather like the ‘Y’ shape formed by extending your forefinger and thumb. Make the inner part of each slightly longer than the other and do not splay them out too far.
• Divide each branch into two again and extend further branches in the form of ‘Y’ shapes from them. The extended branches will be half the thickness of the previous branches each time, with the longer branch nearest to the centre of the tree.
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Table of contents

• Title Page
• Copyright
• Contents
• Introduction
• Materials and Equipment
• Using Colour
• First Steps in Watercolour
• Simple Skies
• Winter Landscapes
• Summer Landscapes
• Seascapes and Boats
• Mountains and Headlands
• Buildings in the Landscape
• About the Publisher