Anatomy & Physiology Workbook For Dummies with Online Practice

Erin Odya, Pat DuPree

• Publisher: For Dummies
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN:
  9781119473596
• Edition: 3
• eBook ISBN:
  9781119473664
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Teaching Science & Technology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Practice your way to a high score in your anatomy & physiology class

The human body has 11 major anatomical systems, 206 bones, and dozens of organs, tissues, and fluids—that's a lot to learn if you want to ace your anatomy & physiology class! Luckily, you can master them all with this hands-on book + online experience. Memorization is the key to succeeding in A&P, and Anatomy & Physiology Workbook For Dummies gives you all the practice you need to score high. 

Inside and online, you'll find exactly what you need to help you understand, memorize, and retain every bit of the human body.  Jam packed with memorization tricks, test-prep tips, and hundreds of practice exercises, it's the ideal resource to help you make anatomy and physiology your minion! 

• Take an online review quiz for every chapter
• Use the workbook as a supplement to classroom learning
• Be prepared for whatever comes your way on test day
• Gain confidence with practical study tips

If you're gearing up for a career in the medical field and need to take this often-tough class to fulfill your academic requirements as a high school or college student, this workbook gives you the edge you need to pass with flying colors.

Part 1

The Building Blocks of the Body

IN THIS PART …

Learn the language of anatomy and physiology.

Explore the basic building blocks and functions that make the parts of the body what they are. Dig into atoms, elements, chemical reactions, and metabolism.

Crack open the cell to see what’s happening at life’s most fundamental level. Find out about the cell membrane, the nucleus, organelles, proteins, and the cell life cycle.

Plunge into cell division, which has several phases: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.

Use histology to build all of the body’s tissues — epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous — from the inside out.

Chapter 1

The Language of Anatomy & Physiology

IN THIS CHAPTER

Learning to speak the language

Casing the cavities

Orienting yourself to the body

Human anatomy is the study of our bodies’ structures while physiology is how they work. It makes sense, then, to learn the two in tandem. But before we can dive in to the body systems and their intricate structures, you must first learn to speak the language of the science.

Organization of the Body

As you know, the body is organized into systems, grouping together the organs that work together to achieve a common goal. To house all these organs, our body must create spaces to hold them. The body has two cavities that achieve this: the dorsal cavity, which holds the brain and spinal cord and the ventral cavity that holds everything else. The dorsal cavity splits into the spinal cavity, which holds the spinal cord, and the cranial cavity that houses the brain. The ventral cavity is split into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity by a large band of muscle called the diaphragm. Within the thoracic cavity are the right and left pleural cavities, which hold each lung, and the mediastinum. Within the mediastinum is the pericardial cavity which contains the heart. The abdominopelvic cavity divides into the abdominal cavity (with the stomach, liver, and intestines) and the pelvic cavity (with the bladder and reproductive organs), though there’s no distinct barrier between the two.

In order to create these cavities within our bodies, we have membranes to border the space. The visceral membrane lies atop of the organs, making direct contact with them. For example, the outermost layer of the heart is called the visceral pericardium and on the lungs it’s the visceral pleura. The parietal membrane lies on the other side of the spaces or lining the cavity itself. So the lining of the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the parietal peritoneum (note that it’s not the parietal abdominopelvic that just sounds weird).

The other parts of the body are divided into axial and appendicular areas. The axial portions are the parts of your body that form your axis — the head, chest, and abdomen. The appendicular portions form your appendages — your arms and legs. For consistency when referencing them, there are proper terms for all of the body’s areas. The terminology used in identifying many of the regions is found in Table 1-1. You’ll notice these terms popping up all over this book.

Table 1-1 The Body’s Regions

Proper Term	Region	Proper Term	Region
Antebrachial	forearm	Genicular	knee
Antecubital	inner elbow	Inguinal	groin/inner thigh
Axillary	armpit	Lumbar	lower back
Brachial	upper arm	Mental	chin
Bucchal	cheek	Orbital	eye
Carpal	wrist	Otic	ear
Cephalic	head	Pectoral	chest
Cervical	neck	Pedal	foot
Coxal	hip	Plantar	sole/bottom of foot
Crural	shin	Popliteal	back of knee
Cubital	elbow	Sural	calf
Dorsum	back	Tarsal	ankle
Femoral	thigh	Vertebral	backbone
Frontal	forehead

That’s a lot of new terms for the first chapter! Let’s see how well they’re sticking.

Q. Which of the following organs would you find in the mediastinum?

I. lungs

II. heart

III. liver

1. I only
2. II only
3. III only
4. I & II
5. I, II, & III

A. The correct answer is only the heart. The mediastinum is defined as the area between the lungs and the liver is in the abdominopelvic cavity.

1-10 Label the body cavities illustrated in Figure 1-1.

Illustration by Kathryn Born, MA

FIGURE 1-1: Body cavities.

1. Abdominal
2. Abdominopelvic
3. Cranial
4. Dorsal
5. Pelvic
6. Pericardial
7. Pleural
8. Spinal
9. Thoracic
10. Ventral

11-16 Match the description to identify the membranes that create the body’s cavities.

a. parietal pericardium

b. parietal peritoneum

c. parietal pleura

d. visceral pericardium

e. visceral peritoneum

f. visceral pleura

11. _____ The outermost layer encasing the heart
12. _____ The membrane that lies on the surface of the liver
13. _____ The surface of the heart
14. _____ The lining of the thoracic cavity
15. _____ The membrane making direct contact with the lungs
16. _____ The layer that lines the abdominopelvic cavity

17 True or False: The cephalic region is considered part of the appendicular body.

18 Which body part would be affected if you injured your tarsal region?

1. knee
2. wrist
3. ankle
4. shoulder
5. hip

19 If you suffered a laceration (cut) to your chin, the injury would be located in the ____ region.

1. cubital
2. cervical
3. buccal
4. mental
5. frontal

20 Identify the correct pairing of terms:

1. popliteal – inner elbow
2. lumbar – back of the neck
3. antecubital – upper arm
4. coxal - shoulder
5. sural – back of lower leg

Getting into Position

In anatomy and physiology, we often identify the body’s features in reference to other body parts. Because of this, we need a standardized point of reference, which is known as anatomical po...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Part 1: The Building Blocks of the Body
• Part 2: Weaving It Together: Bones, Muscles, and Skin
• Part 3: Mission Control: All Systems Go
• Part 4: Feed and Fuel: Supply and Transport
• Part 5: Survival of the Species
• Part 6: The Part of Tens
• About the Authors
• Advertisement Page
• Connect with Dummies
• Index
• End User License Agreement