This book presents the main methods used for thermal properties measurement. It aims to be accessible to all those, specialists in heat transfer or not, who need to measure the thermal properties of a material. The objective is to allow them to choose the measurement method the best adapted to the material to be characterized, and to pass on them all the theoretical and practical information allowing implementation with the maximum of precision.
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This chapter presents a reminder of courses on heat transfer limited to what is necessary to understand and master the methods of measuring the thermal properties of materials which will be described in the rest of this book.
1.1. The different modes of heat transfer
1.1.1. Introduction and definitions
We will first define the main quantities involved in solving a heat transfer problem.
1.1.1.1. Temperature field
Energy transfers are determined from the evolution of the temperature in space and time: T = f (x, y, z, t). The instantaneous value of the temperature at any point of space is a scalar quantity called a temperature field. We will distinguish two cases:
– time-independent temperature field: the regime is called steady state or stationary;
– evolution of the temperature field over time: the regime is called variable, unsteady or transient.
1.1.1.2. Temperature gradient
If all the points of space which have the same temperature are combined, an isothermal surface is obtained. The temperature variation per unit length is maximal in the direction normal to the isothermal surface. This variation is characterized by the temperature gradient:
[1.1]
where:
is the normal unit vector;
is the derivative of the temperature along the normal direction.
Figure 1.1.Isothermal surface and thermal gradient
1.1.1.3. Heat flux
Heat flows under the influence of a temperature gradient from high to low temperatures. The quantity of heat transmitted...
Table of contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title
Copyright
Preface
Nomenclature
1 Modeling of Heat Transfer
2 Tools and Methods for Thermal Characterization
3 Steady-state Methods
4 Flux/Temperature Transient Methods
5 Transient Temperature/Temperature Methods
6 Choice of an Adapted Method
7 Analogies Between Different Transfers
Appendices
Bibliography
Index
End User License Agreement
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