Fundamentals of Electroceramics

Materials, Devices, and Applications

R. K. Pandey

• Publisher: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
• Year: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781119057284
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Subtopic: Werkstoffwissenschaft

The first textbook to provide in-depth treatment of electroceramics with emphasis on applications in microelectronics, magneto-electronics, spintronics, energy storage and harvesting, sensors and detectors, magnetics, and in electro-optics and acousto-optics

Electroceramics is a class of ceramic materials used primarily for their electrical properties. This book covers the important topics relevant to this growing field and places great emphasis on devices and applications. It provides sufficient background in theory and mathematics so that readers can gain insight into phenomena that are unique to electroceramics. Each chapter has its own brief introduction with an explanation of how the said content impacts technology. Multiple examples are provided to reinforce the content as well as numerous end-of-chapter problems for students to solve and learn. The book also includes suggestions for advanced study and key words relevant to each chapter.

Fundamentals of Electroceramics: Materials, Devices and Applications offers eleven chapters covering: 1.Nature and types of solid materials; 2. Processing of Materials; 3. Methods for Materials Characterization; 4. Binding Forces in Solids and Essential Elements of Crystallography; 5. Dominant Forces and Effects in Electroceramics; 6. Coupled Nonlinear Effects in Electroceramics; 7. Elements of Semiconductor; 8. Electroceramic Semiconductor Devices; 9. Electroceramics and Green Energy; 10.Electroceramic Magnetics; and 11. Electro-optics and Acousto-optics.

Provides an in-depth treatment of electroceramics with the emphasis on fundamental theoretical concepts, devices, and applications with focus on non-linear dielectrics

• Emphasizes applications in microelectronics, magneto-electronics, spintronics, energy storage and harvesting, sensors and detectors, magnetics and in electro-optics and acousto-optics
• Introductory textbook for students to learn and make an impact on technology
• Motivates students to get interested in research on various aspects of electroceramics at undergraduate and graduate levels leading to a challenging career path.
• Includes examples and problem questions within every chapter that prepare students well for independent thinking and learning.

Fundamentals of Electroceramics: Materials, Devices and Applications is an invaluable academic textbook that will benefit all students, professors, researchers, scientists, engineers, and teachers of ceramic engineering, electrical engineering, applied physics, materials science, and engineering.

1
Nature and Types of Solid Materials

Chaptr Menu

1. 1.1 Introduction
2. 1.2 Defining Properties of Solids
3. 1.3 Fundamental Nature of Electrical Conductivity
4. 1.4 Temperature Dependence of Electrical Conductivity
5. 1.5 Essential Elements of Quantum Mechanics
6. 1.6 Quantum Numbers
7. 1.7 Pauli Exclusion Principle
8. 1.8 Periodic Table of Elements
9. 1.9 Some Important Concepts of Solid‐State Physics
10. 1.10 Signature Properties of Superconductors
11. 1.11 Fermi–Dirac Distribution Function
12. 1.12 Band Structure of Solids
13. Problems

Do not worry about your difficulties in Mathematics, I can assure you mine are still greater.

Albert Einstein

1.1 Introduction

In this chapter, we will learn about the fundamental nature of solids and how their defining properties are associated with quantum mechanical concepts of electrons and their energy. The exposure to the most essential concepts of solid‐state physics will greatly help us in understanding the nature of electroceramics and the multiple physical phenomena they can exhibit that form the basis for a large number of novel device applications that impact electronic and sensor technology. We have purposely tried to avoid the intricacies of mathematical models in describing these concepts because the goal here is not to produce another book on solid‐state physics but rather to make use of the essential features of various theoretical models in understanding the transport properties of electrons, uniqueness of semiconductors, and the scientific basis behind the dielectric properties of materials.

1.2 Defining Properties of Solids

Solids can be broadly classified as conductors, semiconductors, and insulators of which dielectrics are a subset. Another important group of solids are classified as high temperature superconductors. Because of the unique physical mechanisms involved in the origin of superconductivity, these materials are of a special category and will be treated as an independent class of materials. We will devote a section on superconductivity later in this chapter. So far as the other three groups are concerned, we can differentiate between them on the basis of their defining properties. For example, a conductor is defined by its capacity to facilitate the transport of an electrical current associated with the inherent material property that we call resistance. Similarly a semiconductor is defined by its energy gap (also, called bandgap) and a dielectric by its dielectric property. We discuss in this chapter, the origin of these properties and how they add uniqueness to materials.

1.2.1 Electrical Conductance (G)

All materials tend to resist the flow of an electric current by virtue of its built‐in resistance. The magnitude of current, I, is by the resistance, R (or, conductance, G) when a voltage, V, is applied between the two ends of a solid sample. This relationship is given by the famous law of physics universally known as the Ohm's law that was conceived in 1825–1826 by Gerog Ohm of Germany. It states that the current (I) generated between the two fixed points of a conductor (such as a metal) is ...