Modelling Optimization and Control of Biomedical Systems

Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Ioana Nascu, Eirini G. Velliou, Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos, Ioana Nascu, Eirini G. Velliou

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2017
• Print ISBN: 9781118965597
• eBook ISBN: 9781118965566
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Engineering General
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Shows the newest developments in the field of multi-parametric model predictive control and optimization and their application for drug delivery systems 

This book is based on the Modelling, Control and Optimization of Biomedical Systems (MOBILE) project, which was created to derive intelligent computer model-based systems for optimization of biomedical drug delivery systems in the cases of diabetes, anaesthesia, and blood cancer. These systems can ensure reliable and fast calculation of the optimal drug dosage without the need for an online computer—while taking into account the specifics and constraints of the patient model, flexibility to adapt to changing patient characteristics and incorporation of the physician's performance criteria, and maintaining the safety of the patients.

Modelling Optimization and Control of Biomedical Systems covers: mathematical modelling of drug delivery systems; model analysis, parameter estimation, and approximation; optimization and control; sensitivity analysis & model reduction; multi-parametric programming and model predictive control; estimation techniques; physiologically-based patient model; control design for volatile anaesthesia; multiparametric model based approach to intravenous anaesthesia; hybrid model predictive control strategies; Type I Diabetes Mellitus; in vitro and in silico block of the integrated platform for the study of leukaemia; chemotherapy treatment as a process systems application; and more.

• Introduces readers to the Modelling, Control and Optimization of Biomedical Systems (MOBILE) project
• Presents in detail the theoretical background, computational tools, and methods that are used in all the different biomedical systems
• Teaches the theory for multi-parametric mixed-integer programming and explicit optimal control of volatile anaesthesia
• Provides an overview of the framework for modelling, optimization, and control of biomedical systems

This book will appeal to students, researchers, and scientists working on the modelling, control, and optimization of biomedical systems and to those involved in cancer treatment, anaesthsia, and drug delivery systems.

Part I

1
Framework and Tools: A Framework for Modelling, Optimization and Control of Biomedical Systems

Eirini G. Velliou¹, Ioana Naşcu², Stamatina Zavitsanou³, Eleni Pefani⁴, Alexandra Krieger⁵, Michael C. Georgiadis⁶, and Efstratios N. Pistikopoulos⁷

¹ Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK

² Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA

³ Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Harvard University, USA

⁴ Clinical Pharmacology Modelling and Simulation, GSK, UK

⁵ Jacobs Consultancy, Kreisfreie Stadt Aachen Area, Germany

⁶ Laboratory of Process Systems Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thesaloniki, Greece

⁷ Texas A&M Energy Institute, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA

1.1 Mathematical Modelling of Drug Delivery Systems

Drug delivery can be defined as the process of administering a pharmaceutical agent in the human body, including the consequent effects of this agent on the tissues and organs. Mathematical modelling of drug delivery can be divided into two different yet complementary approaches, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches. Pharmacokinetics describes the effect of the drug in the body, by capturing absorption, distribution, diffusion and elimination of the drug. Pharmacodynamics describes the effects of a drug in the body, which are expressed mathematically by relations of drug dose–body responses. Usually, modelling of the drug delivery system requires a pharmacokinetic part, a pharmacodynamics part and a link between the two (Figure 1.1).

Figure 1.1 Mathematical representation of a drug delivery system.

Source: Ette and Willliams (2007). Reproduced with permission of John Wiley and Sons.

1.1.1 Pharmacokinetic Modelling

Two approaches for pharmacokinetic models dominate the literature, the compartmental models and the physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.

1.1.1.1 Compartmental Models

The basic idea of compartmental modelling is to group organs with similar properties, such as the well‐perfused organs, in one compartment and describe the uptake based on these tissues’ properties (e.g. drug solubility and perfusion). The basic assumptions of compartmental modelling are: (a) homogeneity: uniform distribution and instant mixing within the compartment; (b) conservation of mass; (c) the intrinsic properties are constant (e.g. temperature and volume); (d) there are no time delays between compartments; and (e) all exiting fluxes...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Table of Contents
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Part I
• Part II
• Part III
• Index
• End User License Agreement