Lotus Elite, Eclat and Excel

An Enthusiast's Guide

Matthew Vale

• Editorial: Crowood
• Año: 2016
• ISBN:
  9781785000799
• Categoría: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Categoría: Automobil- & Transportbranche

Lotus introduced the Type 75 Elite in 1974. Being a full four-seater coupe with an opening glass tailgate, it was designed to carry a family in comfort while retaining Lotus' trademark, excellent road holding and handling. Perhaps most importantly, it was the first - and successful - step in Colin Chapman's plan to move upmarket and away from Lotus' kit car image. The Elite gave rise to two derivatives, the Eclat and the Excel. The Eclat was a restyled coupe version, sacrificing the Elite's unique rear styling and good rear passenger headroom for a more stylish exterior. With its conventional coupe styling, the Eclat was more mainstream than the Elite, and it was in the end the better seller. In turn, the Eclat spawned the Excel, the last of the Elite-inspired family. Matthew Vale looks at the history of these unusual Lotus models, and gives a thorough guide to buying and owning the cars today. Of interest to all motoring enthusiasts and Lotus owners in particular, it includes information on buying and owning the cars today, specifications, owner's experiences and technical information. Superbly illustrated with 130 colour photographs, both period and contemporary.

CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND TO THE LOTUS ELITE

INTRODUCTION

The Lotus Type 75 Elite was introduced in May 1974 and was a four-seat GT car aimed at the discerning, well-off, middle-aged driver who needed a car with four full-sized seats to carry one’s family or business associates but also wanted the good performance, handling and roadholding that had always marked out Lotus’s previous offerings. In a way the new Elite was a logical progression from the Elan Plus 2; another view was that it was a radical first step into the luxury car market for Lotus. Either way, the Elite was a bold move both in car size and market position for Lotus, and Lotus wanted to capitalize on the larger margins that could be made on a car that was a size up from the Elan.

While the Elite retained Lotus’s ‘trade mark’ pop-up headlights, its styling was completely different to previous Lotus models. In the 1970s the latest styling trend was for an aerodynamic wedge shape, along with a lot more straight lines and fewer curves. The Elite adopted these trends to produce a startlingly up to date appearance, with a low, smooth front blending into the higher cabin area which maintained its line to the back of the car, giving plenty of passenger headroom and a clean two-box shape. The styling was enhanced by the use of a near vertical, clean cut-off at the rear, with the rear window doubling up as a hatchback – a look first seen in the Reliant Scimitar GTE and which suited the Elite, but this feature did make for a somewhat ‘heavy’ looking rear quarter. Although it only had two doors, their length and wide opening made access to the heavily sculptured rear seats relatively easy. The Elite had active and passive safety built into the design, with excellent handling and roadholding and an extremely strong passenger cabin.

The Elite was a four-seater, two-door coupé with sports car handling and performance while cosseting its passengers. The car had distinctive styling and took Lotus upmarket. GROUP LOTUS PLC

The Elite was powered by Lotus’s own state-of-the-art, 2-litre, twin-cam motor. With twin carbs the engine put out some 160bhp to give the Elite adequate performance.

The Elite was equipped with the then new Lotus 907 engine, a state-of-the-art, 2-litre, 4-cylinder, 16-valve double overhead cam unit. This was coupled to Lotus’s own five-speed gearbox which used Austin Maxi internals to give good if not spectacular performance, with a 0–60mph time of 7–8sec and a top speed of 125–128mph (201–206km/h). Fuel consumption was very good for the size and performance of the car at 26–28mpg (10.9–10.1ltr/100km), a result of the car’s light weight – its unladen weight was only 2,450lb (1,111kg) – efficient engine and good aerodynamics.

The Elite gave rise to two derivatives, the Eclat and the Excel. The Eclat was a restyled coupé version, sacrificing the Elite’s unique rear styling and good rear passenger headroom for a more stylish exterior. With its more conventional coupé styling, the Eclat was more mainstream than the Elite and was in the end a better seller, spawning the Excel, the last of the Elite-inspired family.

THE DON SAFETY TROPHY

First awarded in 1965, the Don Safety Trophy aimed to ‘promote the continuing development of vehicle safety standards through good engineering design and innovation; to encourage the use of such new developments and to acclaim those who advance these aims’. The trophy was presented yearly to a vehicle or component manufacturer that met these aims and in 1975 the Lotus Elite was the recipient.

Originally conceived by Don International Ltd, a subsidiary of Manchester-based Small & Parkes (a vehicle component manufacturer that still manufactures commercial vehicle brake components under the TMD Friction Group), the Don Trophy was an important driver of vehicle safety during the 1960s and 1970s. A panel of safety experts considered entries from all car manufacturers, but all the entries had to be in production and being used regularly at the time of submission, so this was a serious attempt to reward actual exponents of safety.

The Elite won the trophy in the year after the car was launched, and joined other worthy winning British cars such as the Range Rover (1970), the Jaguar XJ6 (1968) and the Jensen FF (1965). The award based on the many safety features that were incorporated into the design of the Elite, including the strong passenger cell (the ‘ring of steel’); door beams; rollover protection; front and rear impact absorbing bumpers; inertia reel seat belts; and many other features leading to the car exceeding many international safety standards by 100 per cent.

The original press release stated:

Whilst recognizing the limited clientele for the Elite owing to its price and the sporting type of vehicle it represents, the Panel nevertheless felt the successful use of GRP body construction plus the wide margin by which the Elite meets the US and European legal and safety requirements and the emphasis placed on reduction of the risk of fire in the case of a collision, allied to good fuel economy and low emission of pollutants, added up to a substantial improvement, in terms of both primary and secondary safety in a high performance car.

Another telling line from the citation stated that:

Many manufacturers go to great lengths to show the public pictures of cars repeatedly hitting concrete walls. From the conception of the Elite, Lotus concentrated their attention equally to designing the car in such a way that it can avoid hitting walls in the first place and provide the secondary safety structure just in case the wall moves!

The award gives details of the results of the Elite’s crash tests in terms of what the standards permit and what the Elite achieved (see table below).

The Don Trophy was awarded to the Elite as a result of the attention paid to passive and active safety in the car’s design.

Type of test	Required result	Lotus Elite result
1) Steering wheel displacement in 30mph barrier collision	Maximum permissible: 5in (12.7cm)	0.5in (1.27cm)
2) Roof crush resistance when subject to 1.5 times vehicle weight	Maximum allowable deflection of 5in (12.7cm)	3in (7.62cm)
3) Side impact resistance rigidly in place – force needed to deflect door by 6in (15.24cm)	2,250lb (1,020.6kg)	3,400lb (1,542.24kg)
4) Side impact resistance – force needed to deflect door by 12in (30.48cm)	3,500lb (1,587.6kg)	4,700lb (2,131.92kg)
5) Peak force (i.e. door failure)	4,774lb (2,165.48kg)	8,200lb (3,719.52kg)

All in all the figures were pretty impressive and Lotus certainly deserved to win the Don Trophy with the Elite.

The first evolution of the Elite was the Eclat, which replaced the Elite’s rear hatch with a conventional boot and had coupé styling. GROUP LOTUS PLC

The Elite on the right is partnered by a pair of later Excels.

The Excel, launched in 1983, replaced both the Eclat and the Elite, and was a 2+2 with a lightly restyled Eclat type exterior, retaining the coupé outline and having a significant number of mechanical improvements under the skin, mostly taken from the Toyota parts bin. The Excel remained in production until 1992 and was generally considered to be the car that the Elite and Eclat should have been from the start – a refined and sophisticated car that could compete head-on with the best of the world’s...