Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles

Rui Xiong, Weixiang Shen

• Editorial: Wiley
• Año: 2018
• ISBN:
  9781119481683
• Edición: 1
• Categoría: Tecnología e ingeniería
• Categoría: Ingeniería eléctrica y telecomunicaciones

A comprehensive examination of advanced battery management technologies and practices in modern electric vehicles

Policies surrounding energy sustainability and environmental impact have become of increasing interest to governments, industries, and the general public worldwide. Policies embracing strategies that reduce fossil fuel dependency and greenhouse gas emissions have driven the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), including hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PHEVs). Battery management systems (BMSs) are crucial components of such vehicles, protecting a battery system from operating outside its Safe Operating Area (SOA), monitoring its working conditions, calculating and reporting its states, and charging and balancing the battery system. Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles is a compilation of contemporary model-based state estimation methods and battery charging and balancing techniques, providing readers with practical knowledge of both fundamental concepts and practical applications.

This timely and highly-relevant text covers essential areas such as battery modeling and battery state of charge, energy, health and power estimation methods. Clear and accurate background information, relevant case studies, chapter summaries, and reference citations help readers to fully comprehend each topic in a practical context.

• Offers up-to-date coverage of modern battery management technology and practice
• Provides case studies of real-world engineering applications
• Guides readers from electric vehicle fundamentals to advanced battery management topics
• Includes chapter introductions and summaries, case studies, and color charts, graphs, and illustrations

Suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate coursework, Advanced Battery Management Technologies for Electric Vehicles is equally valuable as a reference for professional researchers and engineers.

1
Introduction

1.1 Background

With ever growing concerns about energy sustainability and environmental issues, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) such as pure electric vehicles (PEVs) and plug‐in electric vehicles (PHEVs) has been identified to be one of the most effective strategies to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission, and has attracted more and more attention from governments, industries, and customers [1, 2]. Many countries have taken aggressive step to promote EVs to meet emission targets under the Paris climate accord [3]. France has announced its plan to stop selling petrol and diesel‐powered cars by 2040. The UK follows France in banning sales of new petrol and diesel cars from 2040. Norway, which has the highest number of EVs in the world, has set a target of only allowing sales of 100% PEVs or PHEVs by 2025. The Netherlands has mooted a 2025 ban for diesel and petrol cars. Germany has passed a resolution calling for a ban on combustion engine cars by 2030. India is mulling the idea of moving toward prohibiting the internal combustion engine in 2030. China is developing a plan to phase out vehicles powered by fossil fuels [4]. Though China has not yet suggested any concrete timeline, it has ambitious goals for automotive efficiency and climate change including a cap on carbon emissions by 2030. Experts suggest this new ban might come into force around then. The policies of restricting sales of diesel and petrol cars in these countries have stimulated carmakers around the world to accelerate the research and development of EV technologies and the commercialization of EVs.

EVs in this book refer to vehicles which are wholly or partially driven by an electric motor using energy stored in batteries. They have merits over internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in terms of the energy consumed, which can be generated from various energy sources including renewable energy sources (RESs). As the energy of batteries is depleted, they are recharged by the electricity from power grids. In order for EVs to be truly clean and sustainable road transportation, electricity generation needs to come from power grids with the integration of more RESs [5]. However, the intermittent nature of RESs adversely affects power grid voltage, frequency, and reactive power. Such a power grid needs to be compensated by energy storage which stores the excessive power generated from RESs and delivers power back into grids to offset high demand during peak hours [6]. The batteries in EVs are good candidates as energy storage and they can play the role of power compensation which enhances power grid resilience and provides an opportunity for better acceptance of RESs. As such, the batteries in an EV not only provide energy to drive it but also exchange energy with power grids to stabilize power systems. In such applications, the batteries operate at dynamic and deep cyclic conditions that can lead to poor performances and premature aging [7, 8]. Advanced battery management technologies (BMTs) are needed to monitor and control the batteries in EVs for performance improvement and life extension. BMTs involve battery modeling, battery states estimation, battery charging, battery balancing, and battery thermal management [9], which will be discussed in the rest of the book. In this chapter, the fundamentals of EVs are first explained. Then, energy and power requirements of batteries in EVs and performances of current battery technologies are discussed. Finally, the key BMTs and the functions of battery management systems (BMSs) will be briefly introduced.

1.2 Electric Vehicle Fundamentals

Depending on the configuration of an EV, the propulsion power and energy of the EV can be partially or wholly supplied by the batteries installed in it. Without loss of generality, a PEV is used as an example to discuss the working principle. Similar to ICEVs, the powertrain in a PEV provides power to move a vehicle and energy to cover a certain driving distance under different road conditions and driving modes [10, 11]. The force that a vehicle must overcome to travel is known as road load. As sh...