Biological Sciences
Human Reproductive System
The human reproductive system is a collection of organs and glands that work together to produce offspring. In males, this system includes the testes, penis, and associated ducts and glands, while in females, it comprises the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. The system is responsible for the production of gametes (sperm and eggs) and the facilitation of fertilization and pregnancy.
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4 Key excerpts on "Human Reproductive System"
eBook - PDF- Kathleen A. Ireland(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
Since reproduction is critical to survival of the species, the process needs to be managed. Indeed, many of the most common and important human customs concern reproduction: marriage, childbirth, and family ties. In this chapter, we look at the physiology and anatomy of reproduction, and include some scientifically based suggestions for keeping the urge to reproduce in a healthy framework. CHAPTER 19 CHAPTER OUTLINE Survival of the Species Depends on Gamete Formation 408 • The Reproductive System Forms and Unites Gametes What a Scientist Sees: Man and Woman The Male Reproductive System Produces, Stores, and Delivers Sperm 410 • The Male Reproductive System Is a Single Tube • Spermatogenesis Is the Process of Sperm Formation • Sperm and Semen Are Transported and Stored in Ducts • The Urethra Runs the Length of the Penis I Wonder. . . Why Are Circumcisions Performed? • The Male Orgasm Propels Sperm The Female Reproductive System Produces and Nourishes Eggs 417 • Ovaries Are Responsible for Oogenesis—Egg Formation • The Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes Conduct the Ova • The Uterus Is the Site of Development • The Vagina, Vulva, and Many Glands Complete the Female Reproductive System • The Female Orgasm Is an Emotional and Physiological Event Human Reproductive Cycles Are Controlled By Hormones 422 • Male Hormones Control the Rate of Sperm Production • Two Hormonal Cycles Occur at Once in Females Rosette Jordaan / Vetta / Getty Images, Inc. (Continued) 408 CHAPTER 19 The Reproductive Systems: Maintaining the Species 19.1 Survival of the Species Depends on Gamete Formation LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Explain the functions of the reproductive system. 2. Place sexual reproduction in the context of the theory of evolution. Gender is an obvious structural and functional difference between people. In general, we are either male or female. Because we rely on sexual reproduction, having two genders is necessary to perpetuate the species.
eBook - PDF- Ian Peate, Suzanne Evans, Amy Byrne, Will Deasy, Michele Dowlman, Pauline Gillan, Siva Purushothuman, Dan Wadsworth(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
The structure and function of the reproductive systems is a major point of difference between men and women. The gametes are produced by gonads; testes produce sperm in the male, and the ovaries produce ova in the female. The gonads also produce hormones required for the development, upkeep and performance of the reproductive organs and other sexual characteristics. Fertilisation occurs inside the body of the female to form a zygote, which goes on to develop into an embryo and then a foetus. The female reproductive organs take on the responsibility for nurturing the developing foetus until birth. After birth, the mother continues to provide nutritional support for the child through lactation and breastfeeding. This chapter provides an overview of the structure and functions of the male and female reproductive systems, which includes the gonads and a number of accessory organs and structures. The male reproduc- tive system includes the testes, accessory ducts, accessory glands and the penis. The female reproductive system includes the uterus, Fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, vulva and mammary glands. 13.1 The male reproductive system LEARNING OBJECTIVE 13.1 Describe the male reproductive organs and understand the role and functions of the male reproductive system. The male reproductive system, being located partially outside of the body cavity, is more visually obvious than the female reproductive system; there are, however, internal and external structures. Testes are the male gonads that, working in unison with other body systems (e.g. the neuroendocrine system), produce the hormones that are essential for development of the male reproductive tract, sexual behaviour, performance and actions. The male reproductive tract shares some structures with the urinary system including the urethra and penis. The male reproductive system is shown in figure 13.1.
eBook - PDF- Gerard J. Tortora, Bryan H. Derrickson(Authors)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
535 CHAPTER 23 The Reproductive Systems Image Source/Getty Images Looking Back to Move Ahead... • Somatic Cell Division (Section 3.7) • Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (Section 11.1) • Hormones of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland (Section 13.3) Sexual reproduction is the process by which organisms produce off- spring by making germ cells called gametes (GAM-ēts = spouses). After fertilization, when the male gamete (sperm cell) unites with the female gamete (secondary oocyte), the resulting cell contains one set of chromosomes from each parent. The organs that make up the male and female reproductive systems can be grouped by function. The gonads—testes in males and ovaries in females—produce gametes and secrete sex hormones. Various sperm ducts then store and trans- port the gametes, and accessory sex glands produce substances that protect the gametes and facilitate their movement. Finally, support- ing structures, such as the penis and the uterus, assist the delivery and joining of gametes and, in females, the growth of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy. 23.1 Male Reproductive System OBJECTIVES • Describe the location, structure, and functions of the organs of the male reproductive system. • Describe how sperm cells are produced. • Explain the roles of hormones in regulating male reproductive functions. The male and female reproductive organs can be grouped by func- tion. The gonads —testes in males and ovaries in females—produce gametes and secrete sex hormones. Various ducts then store and transport the gametes, and accessory sex glands produce sub- stances that protect the gametes and facilitate their movement. Finally, supporting structures, such as the penis in males and the uterus in females, assist the delivery of gametes, and the uterus is also the site for the growth of the embryo and fetus during pregnancy.
eBook - PDF- Craig Freudenrich, Gerard J. Tortora(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- Wiley(Publisher)
❑ Scan the Learning Objectives in each section: p. 470 ❑ p. 480 ❑ p. 484 ❑ p. 488 ❑ p. 498 ❑ p. 502 ❑ ❑ Read the text and study all visuals. Answer any questions. Analyze key features ❑ InSight, p. 471 ❑ p. 477 ❑ ❑ Process Diagram, p. 474 ❑ p. 480 ❑ p. 483 ❑ p. 489 ❑ ❑ What a Health Provider Sees, p. 487 ❑ ❑ Stop: Answer the Concept Checks before you go on: p. 479 ❑ p. 484 ❑ p. 487 ❑ p. 497 ❑ p. 500 ❑ p. 503 ❑ End of chapter ❑ Review the Summary and Key Terms. ❑ Answer the Critical and Creative Thinking Questions. ❑ Answer What is happening in this picture? ❑ Complete the Self-Test and check your answers. 470 CHAPTER 16 The Reproductive Systems The Reproductive Organs Make, Deliver, and Receive the Sex Cells LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify the organs of the male reproductive system and their functions. 2. Describe how sperm are made. 3. Explain the functions of hormones in the male reproductive system. 4. Identify the organs of the female reproductive system and their functions. W e reproduce by sexual reproduction, a pro- cess in which sex cells (gametes) unite to form offspring. The gametes are formed in the gonads. The gametes unite inside the fe- male in a process called fertiliza- tion. The female then nurtures the growing embryo until birth. So the reproductive organs are spe- cialized for making gametes and bringing them together for fertil- ization; in the case of the female, they also provide a “home” for nurturing the growing em- bryo. Let’s start by examining the male reproductive organs. Male Reproductive Organs Make and Deliver Sperm The organs of the male reproductive system are the follow- ing. (Figure 16.1): • The testes. • A system of ducts: the epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra. • Accessory sex glands: seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands. • Supporting structures: the scrotum and the penis. The male’s testes (singular: testis) make gametes called sperm.
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