Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying refers to the use of electronic communication to intimidate, harass, or harm others. This can occur through various digital platforms such as social media, messaging apps, or online forums. Cyberbullying can have serious psychological and emotional effects on the victims and is a growing concern in the digital age.
8 Key excerpts on "Cyberbullying"
eBook - ePubCyberbullying
Approaches, Consequences and Interventions
- Lucy R. Betts(Author)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Pivot(Publisher)
...29). Cyberbullying involves ‘repeated use of technology to harass, humiliate, or threaten’ (Holladay, 2011, p. 4). ‘Cyberbullying is defined as the intentional act of online/digital intimidation, embarrassment, or harassment’ (Mark & Ratliffe, 2011, p. 92). Cyberbullying is ‘any peer-targeted aggressive behaviour via electronic communication technologies’ (Mehari et al., 2014, p. 400). Cyberbullying as ‘willful and repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text’ (Patchin & Hinduja, 2006, p. 152). Cyberbullying is ‘repeated unwanted, hurtful, harassing, and/or threatening interaction through electronic communication media’ (Rafferty & Vander Ven, 2014, p. 364). Electronic bullying is ‘a means of bullying in which peers use electronics to taunt, insult, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer’ (Raskauskas & Stoltz, 2007, p. 565). ‘Cyberbullying is a systematic abuse of power which occurs through the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs)’ (Slonje et al., 2013, p. 26). ‘Cyberbullying is any behavior performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or discomfort on others’ (Tokunaga, 2010, p. 278). ‘Cyberbullying occurs when Internet-based applications are used to systematically intimidate or insult a person so as to humiliate, embarrass, or hurt that person. Similar to offline bullying, Cyberbullying involves intentional repetitive actions and psychological violence’ (Valkenburg & Peter, 2011, pp. 124–125). Cyberbullying is ‘a form of aggression that occurs through personal computers (e.g., e-mail and instant messaging) or cell phones (e.g., text messaging)’ (Wang, Iannotti, & Nansel, 2009, p. 369). “When we say cyberbullied, we mean bullied through email, instant messaging, social media, in a chat room, on a website, in an online game, or through a text message sent to a cell phone...
eBook - ePubCyber-Bullying
Issues and Solutions for the School, the Classroom and the Home
- Shaheen Shariff(Author)
- 2008(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Other researchers define it as an ‘an aggressive, intentional act carried out by a group or individual, using electronic forms of contact, repeatedly and over time against a victim who can not easily defend him or herself’ (Smith, 2004). It might be a good idea to check the description of cyber-bullying on Wikipedia. The definitions and explanation of cyber-bullying are comprehensive and helpful because they cover a range, although not all, of cyber-actions that could be included as cyber-bullying: Cyberbullying (also spelled Cyber-bullying, Cyber-bullying, or online bullying) is the term used to refer to bullying and harassment by use of electronic devises through means of email, instant messaging, text messages, blogs, mobile phones, pagers, and web sites. Other terms for Cyberbullying are ‘electronic bullying’, ‘e-bullying’, ‘SMS bullying’, mobile bullying’, ‘online bullying’, digital bullying’, or ‘Internet bullying’ … (Wikipedia, 2007) Wikipedia goes on to explain that, in some countries, provinces and states, cyber-bullying is defined as a crime. As with the profile of traditional bullying presented earlier, cyber-bullying is described as: [W]illful and involves recurring or repeated harm inflicted through the medium of electronic text. According to R. B. Standler, bullying intends to cause emotional distress and has no legitimate purpose to the choice of communications. Cyberbullying can be as simple as continuing to send e-mail to someone who has said they want no further contact with the sender. Cyberbullying may also include threats, sexual remarks, pejorative labels (i.e. hate speech). Cyber-bullies may publish personal contact information for their victims at web sites...
eBook - ePubBullying
Experiences and discourses of sexuality and gender
- Ian Rivers, Neil Duncan, Ian Rivers, Neil Duncan(Authors)
- 2013(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...Ultimately, online disclosure can result in offline vulnerability to many different forms of exploitation. Definitions of Cyberbullying and Cyberaggression Cyberbullying is a form of aggressive behaviour that occurs through electronic devices such as mobile/cell phones (calls and SMS/text messages), e-mail and the internet (blogs, chatrooms, newsgroups, social networks and web-pages). Like other forms of bullying, Cyberbullying is usually defined in terms of intentional and repeated interactions on the part of the perpetrator who is perceived to be more powerful than the victim: the perpetrator’s ability to act anonymously is indicative of a form of power he or she holds over the victim (Wolak et al., 2007). The perpetrator then seeks to harm, exploit or denigrate the status of that individual. By way of contrast, cyberaggression can be defined as any form of communication mediated through an electronic device where the purpose is to harm or otherwise exploit an individual physically, sexually and/or emotionally (Grigg, 2010). Cyberaggression can include single incidents as well as those that are repeated. It can include behaviours such as ‘trolling’ (sending or posting messages mean to shock, threaten or intimidate viewers), ‘flaming’ (escalating or intensifying an interaction through aggressive messaging), ‘flooding’ (dominating chat) and ‘kicking’ (excluding people from chat or a game by reporting them to a moderator or service provider; Rivers et al., 2011: 212)...
eBook - ePubTechnology and Adolescent Health
In Schools and Beyond
- Megan A. Moreno, Andrea J. Hoopes, Megan A. Moreno, Andrea J. Hoopes(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
...Since that time, the boy has received threatening text messages and direct Twitter messages from multiple classmates, including messages saying he should kill himself. He has also heard these same students whispering homophobic slurs at him, laughing, and pushing him in the hallways at school. Today, he states he “had enough” and he hit the student who had pushed him, thus starting the fight that resulted in his injury. What is Cyberbullying? Bullying is a social phenomenon that was around long before social media, and in the last few decades the potential harms of bullying have become more prominent in research and the public eye. The CDC defines bullying as “any unwanted aggressive behavior(s) by another youth or group of youths who are not siblings or current dating partners that involves an observed or perceived power imbalance and is repeated multiple times or is highly likely to be repeated Bullying may inflict harm or distress on the targeted youth including physical, psychological, social, or educational harm”(Gladden et al., 2013). Because digital technology has become an essential modality for adolescents to engage with their peers, it is unsurprising that this technology would be a venue for bullying, a peer behavior. Cyberbullying, sometimes referred to as digital harassment or electronic aggression, shares several characteristics with other forms of bullying. There is repetitive aggression from one peer to another, and there may be harmful psychosocial and health effects as discussed further. Many of the fundamental behaviors practiced in Cyberbullying, are largely the same as in face to face bullying, such as verbal insults or teasing, spreading false rumors, or excluding others. Furthermore, most students who are cyberbullied have also been bullied in person and know who the person Cyberbullying them is...
eBook - ePubSafeguarding Children and Young People Online
A Guide for Practitioners
- Megele, Claudia(Authors)
- 2017(Publication Date)
- Policy Press(Publisher)
...8 Cyberbullying Definition of bullying and Cyberbullying Bullying has been defined in a number of ways depending on the author’s perspective and methodological background. However, all agree that bullying begins with intent to harm, and becomes more insidious as it is repeated over time. Perhaps the most common definition of bullying is that of Olweus (1991, 1993, p 9), which states that ‘... a person is being bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons’, while Nansel et al (2001) offer a panoptic definition of bullying as aggressive behaviour or intentional ‘harm doing’ by a person or group, generally carried out repeatedly and over time, and involving a power differential. These definitions highlight three important characteristics of bullying: (1) a power difference between the bully and the victim; (2) intent to harm; and (3) repetition over time. Although some argue that a critical, single incident of aggression may be considered bullying (Arora, 1996) repetition over time and power imbalance distinguish bullying from more general aggression (that is, intent to cause harm) (Olweus, 1999). Extending the traditional definition of bullying, Smith et al (2008, p 376) define Cyberbullying as ‘an aggressive act or behaviour that is carried out using electronic means by a group or an individual repeatedly and over time against another person who cannot easily defend him or herself.’ Given the power differential between the bully and the victim, bullying involves the systematic abuse of power (Rigby, 2002), and Cyberbullying involves the systematic abuse of power using information and communication technologies (ICT). There are several types of bullying, including physical and verbal (direct, face-to-face forms of aggression) and indirect and relational bullying. In the 1980s, bullying and aggression were mainly considered as a direct physical or verbal attack...
eBook - ePubPrinciples of Cyberbullying Research
Definitions, Measures, and Methodology
- Sheri Bauman, Donna Cross, Jenny Walker, Sheri Bauman, Donna Cross, Jenny Walker(Authors)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...We wish to present another perspective and to suggest that for now, researchers focus on cyberaggression (rather than Cyberbullying). With the current evidence available, it appears difficult to reach consensus on the nature of Cyberbullying. Focusing on cyberaggression would allow us to continue to study this phenomenon as we wrestle with the complicated issues of what bullying might mean in the context of electronic communication. Cyberaggression : behavior aimed at harming another person using electronic communications, and perceived as aversive by the target (Schoffstall & Cohen, 2011). In Chapter 3, our colleagues discuss the question of whether cyberaggression is a more accurate term, given the difficulty of specifying how the standard bullying characteristics (intent, repetition, power imbalance) are manifested in the technological arena. They acknowledge that youth may not use the term Cyberbullying to describe the behaviors theoretically encompassed by the term. They also consider repetition to be a subsidiary component of Cyberbullying that may or may not be present, although they are somewhat equivocal about how repetition should be determined. Smith et al. agree that most studies reported in the literature actually measure cyberaggression because they do not assess the imbalance of power that is seen as a defining attribute. Yet they conclude that Cyberbullying is such a widely used term in both scholarly literature and the popular media that it should be retained, and that measures include items to assess the elements of repetition and power imbalance. Our colleagues propose that all bullying, including Cyberbullying, refers to aggressive behavior that is intentional, repetitive, and involves an imbalance of power between the perpetrator and the target such that the target finds it difficult to defend her or himself. They recognize that these criteria may be expressed differently in Cyberbullying incidents...
eBook - ePubCyberbullying in Schools, Workplaces, and Romantic Relationships
The Many Lenses and Perspectives of Electronic Mistreatment
- Gary W. Giumetti, Robin M. Kowalski, Gary W. Giumetti, Robin M. Kowalski(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
...For example, workplace bullying has been defined as “instances where an employee is repeatedly and over a period of time exposed to negative acts (i.e., constant abuse, offensive remarks or teasing, ridicule, or social exclusion) from co-workers, supervisors, or subordinates” (Hershcovis, 2011, p. 501; see also Einarsen, 2000). Workplace Cyberbullying would be the occurrence of these behaviors online. Defined in this way, the power imbalance factor appears less critical as subordinates as well as superiors could perpetrate Cyberbullying. Relatedly, Coyne et al. (2017, p. 947), who defined workplace Cyberbullying as “repeated and enduring negative behavior in the workplace that occurs via technology,” suggested that intent should not be included within a definition of workplace Cyberbullying as workers will often disguise their true intent or attempt to rationalize their actions. Definitional issues surrounding these three components of intentionality, repetition, and power imbalance highlight the need for a book that examines the contextual and cultural lenses through which Cyberbullying can be viewed. Prevalence Rates of Cyberbullying As noted at the beginning of this chapter, the majority of the research on Cyberbullying to date has been conducted with middle school students in North American and Europe (see Chapter 4, this volume; Brochado, Soares, & Fraga, 2017). Not only has this largely ignored the international nature of the behavior, but it has also failed to account for other age demographics for whom Cyberbullying is an issue and other settings in which Cyberbullying might occur (e.g., the workplace). As technology has become increasingly available, younger and younger children are using it in some form (see Chapter 2, this volume), increasing the likelihood that they, too, will become involved with Cyberbullying (Çelik, Atak, & Erguzen, 2012)...
eBook - ePubThe Psychology of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior
Victim and Offender Perspectives
- Wayne Petherick, Grant Sinnamon, Wayne Petherick, Grant Sinnamon(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- Academic Press(Publisher)
...Since that time, another term was added to our lexicon for violent and antisocial behavior—Cyberbullying—and is now widely considered an emergent and significant problem. Thus far, literature has failed to agree on a universal definition for “Cyberbullying” and many definitions proffered refer directly back to traditional bullying and consider online aggression an extension of traditional bullying. The intentions of the current chapter authors are to contribute to the burgeoning amount of literature on this important area to discuss the importance of a consensus about the definition and conceptualization of online aggression, and to offer a workable and theoretically sound term that is appropriate and relevant to the generally accepted paradigm of Cyberbullying. Keywords Assault; Bullying; Cyber; Cyberbullying; Harassment; Internet; Online; Online aggression; Recklessness; Telecommunications Chapter Outline Introduction Background Reaching Consensus: The Importance of First Things First Relevance to Researchers Relevance to Research Participants Important for Detection, Intervention, and Treatment Cyberbullying? Online Aggression? Internet Harassment? It’s All in the Name Cyber, Online, or Internet? Bullying: Aggression or Harassment? Intent to Harm Repetition Provocation Imbalance of Power Aggression Harassment Conclusion Summary Questions References Introduction Until the seminal research conducted in the early 1990s by Dan Olweus (1993a, 1993b), little was known about the perpetration and experience of bullying. In fact, rather than conceptualizing bullying behaviors as deliberate, harmful, and worthy of intervention, bullying was widely perceived as a rite of passage, a normal child-to-adolescent-to-adult developmental milestone, a behavior that one would “grow out of” or be erased from memory with the passage of time without consequence (Bradshaw, O’Brennan, & Sawyer, 2008 ; Campbell, 2000 ; Carr-Gregg & Manocha, 2011)...
