Computer Science
List Data structure
A list is a linear data structure that stores a collection of elements in a sequential order. It allows for easy insertion and deletion of elements, and elements can be accessed by their position in the list. Lists can be implemented using arrays or linked lists.
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10 Key excerpts on "List Data structure"
eBook - PDF- Kyla McMullen, Elizabeth Matthews, June Jamrich Parsons, , Kyla McMullen, Kyla McMullen, Elizabeth Matthews, June Jamrich Parsons(Authors)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
Target:Re New data:Hi The list after the insertion: Sa Re Hi Ga SUMMARY • A linked list is a linear data structure. A data structure is a specific layout of data values in memory and a set of operations that can be applied to those values. Other data structures include arrays, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs. Data structures are used to hold data in memory during program execution. • A linked list is a collection of data that can be stored in nonconsecutive memory locations. Each element in a linked list is called a node. Each node consists of data and a pointer to the next node. The first node in a linked list is referred to as the head. Copyright 2022 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Module 19 linked List Data structures 351 • When each element in a linked list has a single pointer linking to the next element, the structure is called a singly linked list. A doubly linked list has two pointers for each element. One pointer links to the next element; the other pointer links to the previous element. In a circular linked list, the last node points back to the first node. • Linked lists are easy to extend and modify. However, they require extra memory for the pointers and must be accessed sequentially beginning at the head of the list. • There are a variety of algorithms for coding linked lists. One popular way is to create a Node class for each data element and a LinkedList class with methods for appending elements, traversing the list, inserting elements, finding elements, displaying elements, and other operations.
eBook - ePubData Structures Through C
Learn the fundamentals of Data Structures through C
- Yashavant Kanetkar(Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- BPB Publications(Publisher)
Chapter 03Linked Lists
Stay connected
Why This Chapter Matters?
United we stand, divided we fall! More united and connected we are, more is the flexibility and scalability. Same is true with linked lists. Linked lists are used at numerous places in Computer Science. The flexibility and performance they offer is worth the pain of learning them.F or storing similar data in memory we can use either an array or a linked list. Arrays are simple to understand and elements of an array are easily accessible. But arrays suffer from the following limitations:- Arrays have a fixed dimension. Once the size of an array is decided it cannot be increased or decreased during execution. - Insertion of a new element in an array is tedious because during insertion each element after the specified position has to be shifted one position to the right. - Deletion of an existing element in an array is inefficient because during deletion each element after the specified position has to be shifted one position to the left.Linked list overcomes all these disadvantages. A linked list can grow and shrink in size during its lifetime. Thus, there is no maximum size of a linked list. Also, unlike arrays, while inserting or deleting elements in a linked list shifting of existing elements is not required.What is a Linked List
While the elements of an array occupy contiguous memory locations, those of a linked list are not constrained to be stored in adjacent locations. The order of the elements is maintained by explicit links between them. For instance, the marks obtained by different students can be stored in a linked list as shown in Figure 3-1 .Figure 3-1. Linked list.Observe that the linked list is a collection of elements called nodes, each of which stores two items of information—an element of the list and a link. In Figure 3-1 , the data part of each node consists of the marks obtained by a student and the link part contains address of the next node. Thus the link part is a pointer to the next node. Hence it is shown using an arrow. The NULL
eBook - PDF- Henry Levy, Richard Eckhouse(Authors)
- 2014(Publication Date)
- Digital Press(Publisher)
o ^J Linked Data Structures An important aspect of program design is the definition of the data structures to be manipulated. Proper data structuring can make the difference between simple and difficult implementation or between supe-rior and mediocre performance. For many applications, writing code is nearly automatic once the data structures are defined, because the instructions merely move data between the structures. The ease of coding depends on the thought given to the data design. This is especially true for operating systems, for which an examination of the data structures often tells more about the system than the code itself. Among the benefits of high-level languages is the ability to define abstract data types. The compilers for these languages can also check to see that we use the data types properly. To simplify the generation of code by such languages, some computers include more complex data types and data structures in their basic instruction sets. This chapter examines the manipulation of some more complex data types with the VAX instruction set. In particular, it concentrates on linked structures, lists, queues, and trees. Multi-Element Structures and Records Collections of data items that must be manipulated as a group occur frequently in programming. Arrays, lists, queues, and trees are typical multi-element data structures commonly used in both high-level and assembly language programming. These data structures are alike in that they are homogeneous collections of data elements. Other multi-element data structures are not homogeneous. Collec-tions of data items are called records, and a collection of records is called a file in COBOL, a structure in PL/I, and a record structure in Pascal. Each record is actually a logical data item, with its own characteristics of size, type, and initial value, conveniently grouped to form a composite data structure.
No longer available |Learn moreData Structures and Program Design Using Python
A Self-Teaching Introduction
- D. Malhotra, N. Malhotra, Dheeraj Malhotra, Neha Malhotra(Authors)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Mercury Learning and Information(Publisher)
CHAPTER 4LINKED LISTS4.1 INTRODUCTIONWe learned that an array is a collection of data elements stored in contiguous memory locations. We also studied that arrays were static; that is, the size of the array must be specified when declaring the array, which limits the number of elements to be stored in the array. For example, if we have an array declared as int[]array = new int[15], then the array can contain a maximum of 15 elements and not more than that. This method of allocating memory is good when the exact number of elements is known. However, if we are not sure of the number of elements, there will be a problem, because the data structures we use to make the program efficient should consume little memory space and a minimal amount of time. To overcome this problem, we use linked lists.4.2 DEFINITION OF A LINKED LISTA linked list is a linear collection of data elements. These data elements are called nodes, and they point to the next node. A linked list is a data structure that can be used to implement other data structures such as stacks, queues, and trees. A linked list is a sequence of nodes in which each node contains one or more data fields that point to the next node. Also, linked lists are dynamic; that is, memory is allocated when required. There is no need to know the exact size or the exact number of elements as in the case of arrays. Figure 4.1 contains an example of a simple linked list that contains five nodes.FIGURE 4.1 A linked listIn Figure 4.1 , we have a linked list in which each node is divided into two parts:1. The first part contains information/data.2. The second part contains the address of the next node.The last node will not have any next node connected to it, so it will store a special value called NULL. Usually, NULL is defined by −1. Therefore, the NULL node represents the end of the linked list. There is another special node, START, that stores the address of the first node of the linked list. Therefore, the START node represents the beginning of the linked list. If START = NULL, then the linked list is empty. A linked list is known as a self-referential data type or a self-referential structure because each node points to another node that is of the same type.
eBook - PDFFundamentals of Python
Data Structures
- Kenneth Lambert(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Cengage Learning EMEA(Publisher)
This chapter examines the data organization and concrete details of processing that are particular to arrays and linked structures. Their use in implementing various types of collections is discussed in later chapters. The Array Data Structure An array represents a sequence of items that can be accessed or replaced at given index positions. You are probably thinking that this description resembles that of a Python list. In fact, the data structure underlying a Python list is an array. Although Python programmers would typically use a list where you might use an array, the array rather than the list is the primary implementing structure in the collections of Python and many other programming languages. Therefore, you need to become familiar with the array way of thinking. Some of what this chapter has to say about arrays also applies to Python lists, but arrays are much more restrictive. A programmer can access and replace an array’s items at given positions, examine an array’s length, and obtain its string representation—but that’s all. The programmer cannot add or remove positions or make the length of the array larger or smaller. Typically, the length or capacity of an array is fixed when it is created. Python’s array module does include an array class, which behaves more like a list but is limited to storing numbers. For purposes of the discussion that follows, you will define a new class named Array that adheres to the restrictions mentioned earlier but can hold items of any type. Ironically, this Array class uses a Python list to hold its items. The class defines methods that allow clients to use the subscript operator [], the len function, the str function, and the for loop with array objects. The Array methods needed for these operations are listed in Table 4-1. The variable a in the left column refers to an Array object.
eBook - ePubPython for Everyone
Learn and polish your coding skills in Python (English Edition)
- Saurabh Chandrakar, Dr. Nilesh Bhaskarrao Bahadure(Authors)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- BPB Publications(Publisher)
HAPTER 7Concept of Data Structures in Python
Introduction
A way of organizing and storing data in order such that it can be accessed and modified efficiently, iscalled data structures. There is always a provision for data structures in every programming language. We have seen some primitive data types such as strings, integers, Boolean and float. Now, we will study some non-primitive inbuilt data structures such as list, tuple, set, dictionary, files and arrays. Each of these data structures are unique on its own. These data structures are an indispensable part in programming. Without these data structures, we cannot think of writing any Python program. Let us see some of these data structures one by one.Structure
In thischapter, we will discuss the following topics:- List Data structure
- Tuple data structure
- Set data structure
- Dictionary data structure
Objectives
By the end of thischapter, the reader will have an idea about 4 data structures, viz, list, tuple, set and dictionary creation, as well as the elements accessing using indexing and slicing except for set, list, set, and dictionary comprehension using for loops, if /if-else /nested if statement. We shall also see which data structures are mutable, whose insertion order is preserved, and whose heterogenous objects are allowed with a Python snippet code.List Data structure
A list can store different types of elements. It represents a group of elements; heterogeneous objects are allowed. List is dynamic as the size can be increased or decreased based on our requirement. We can modify the element in a list as it is mutable. Here, duplicate objects are allowed. In lists, the insertion order is preserved by using index. Duplicate elements are differentiated by using index in list. So, index play a vital role. All the elements in a list are separated by comma and are placed within square brackets. So, whenever there is a requirement to represent a group of individual objects as a single entity where we need to preserve the insertion order and duplicate objects are allowed, we should go for lists.
eBook - PDFGolang for Jobseekers
Unleash the power of Go programming for career advancement (English Edition)
- Hairizuan Bin Noorazman(Author)
- 2023(Publication Date)
- BPB Publications(Publisher)
Join our book's Discord space Join the book's Discord Workspace for Latest updates, Offers, Tech happenings around the world, New Release and Sessions with the Authors: https://discord.bpbonline.com Introduction Data structures are one of the more vital topics to be covered in the Computer Science curriculum. A good data structure used for a problem can make or break the solution and understanding the benefits and disadvantages of a data structure can allow us to choose the data structure that is most suitable for the problem we are facing. Although it is true that most developers will not deal with data structures on a day-to-day basis (a lot of work for developers tends toward API integration work); however, these data structures underpin and power the various libraries we use without much thought. We are benefiting from its use even if we do not deal with it on a daily basis. In this chapter, we will learn more about the various common Data Structures and their possible use cases. Structure In this chapter, we will discuss the following topics: • Singly linked list • Doubly linked list CHAPTER 3 Exploring Data Structures 66 Golang for Jobseekers • Circular linked list • Stack • Queue • Binary Tree • Hashing Objectives We will cover the building of various data structures such as linked lists, stacks, queues, binary trees, and hashed maps (hashing). For each of the data structures mentioned here, we will attempt to cover various scenarios (where applicable), such as listing what is in the structure and determining the length of items within the structure. Other scenarios that can also be explored will be the cases where items are inserted into the data structure. Cases where items are removed from the structure as well as cases where one is attempting to search for a specific item within the items in the structure. Singly linked list The singly linked list is one of the simpler data structures to build and conceptualize.
No longer available |Learn moreLearn Data Structures and Algorithms with Golang
Level up your Go programming skills to develop faster and more efficient code
- Bhagvan Kommadi(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Packt Publishing(Publisher)
Linear Data Structures
Various applications, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Google, uselists and linear data structures. As we have discussed previously, data structures allow us to organize vast swathes of data in a sequential and organized manner, thereby reducing time and effort in working with such data. Lists, stacks, sets, and tuples are some of the commonly used linear data structures.In this chapter, we will discuss these data structures by giving examples of var ious procedures involving them. We will discuss t he various operations related to these data structures, such as insertion, deletion, updating, traversing (of lists), reversing, and merging with various code samples.We will cover the following linear data structures in this chapter:- Lists
- Sets
- Tuples
- Stacks
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Technical requirements
Install Go version 1.10 at https://golang.org/doc/install , depending on your operating system.The code files for this chapter can be found at the following GitHub URL: https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Learn-Data-Structures-and-Algorithms-with-Golang/tree/master/Chapter03 . Passage contains an image
Lists
A list is a collection of ordered elements that are used to store list of items . Unlike array lists, these can expand and shrink dynamically.Lists also be used as a base for other data structures, such as stack and queue.Let's discuss the operations related to add, update, remove, and lookup on linked list and doubly linked list in the following section.Lists can be used to store lists of users, car parts, ingredients, to-do items, and various other such elements.Lists are the most commonly used linear data structures. These were introduced in the lisp programming language. In this chapter, linked list and doubly linked list are the lists we will cover in the Go language. Passage contains an image
LinkedList
LinkedList is a sequence of nodes that have properties and a reference to the next node in the sequence. It is a linear data structure that is used to store data. The data structure permits the addition and deletion of components from any node next to another node. They are not stored contiguously in memory, which makes them different arrays.
eBook - PDFData Structure Practice
for Collegiate Programming Contests and Education
- Yonghui Wu, Jiande Wang(Authors)
- 2016(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
Stacks and queues 142 ◾ Data Structure Practice: For Collegiate Programming Contests and Education 5.1 Application of Sequence Lists A sequence list is a linear list storing n data elements, where n is the length of the list, and if n == 0, the list is null. The data type for each element in the list is the same. The length of the list can be changed by inserting or deleting elements. The relationship of data elements in the sequence list is linear. Elements can be accessed through their position in the list. There are two kinds of storage structures: 1. Array: The type of array elements can not only be simple, but also be a structure type. An array element can be accessed through its index. Inserting or deleting an element not only increases or decreases the length of the list, but also needs to move elements in the list. 2. Linked list: If a linear list is a linked list, inserting or deleting an element doesn’t need to move elements in the list, and only needs to change related pointers. There are several kinds of linked lists. Singly linked lists are the simplest and classical linked lists. And based on them, there are doubly linked lists and circular linked lists. Linked lists are widely used. 5.1.1 Children N children constitute a circle. Children are numbered from 1 to N . Then children begin to circu-larly count off from the W th child. Every time, the S th child gets out from the circle and the next child begins to count off. The process repeats until all children get out from the circle. Output the sequence of children getting out from the circle. Input The first line is the number of children N ( N ≤ 64). Then children’s names are shown, one name per line. The length of a child’s name doesn’t exceed 15. W , S ( W < N ) are shown in the last line and separated by a comma. Output Output the sequence of children getting out from the circle, one name per line.
No longer available |Learn more- Wisnu Anggoro(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Packt Publishing(Publisher)
Storing Data in Lists and Linked Lists
In the previous chapter, we discussed basic C++ programming, so that now we can build a program and run it. We also tried to find out the complexity of the code flow using algorithm analysis. In this chapter, we are going to learn about building the list and linked list data structures and find out the complexity of each data structure. To understand all of the concepts in these data structures, these are the topics we are going to discuss:- Understanding the array data type and how to use it
- Building the List Data structure using the array data type
- Understanding the concept of node and node chaining
- Building SinglyLinkedList and DoublyLinkedList using node chaining
- Applying the Standard Template Library to implement the list and linked list
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Technical requirements
To follow along with this chapter including the source code, we require the following:- A desktop PC or Notebook with Windows, Linux, or macOS
- GNU GCC v5.4.0 or above
- Code::Block IDE v17.12 (for Windows and Linux OS) or Code::Block IDE v13.12 (for macOS)
- You will find the code files on GitHub at https://github.com/PacktPublishing/CPP-Data-Structures-and-Algorithms
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Getting closer to an array
An array is a series of elements with the same data type that is placed in contiguous memory locations. This means that the memory allocation is assigned in consecutive memory blocks. Since it implements contiguous memory locations, the elements of the array can be individually accessed by the index. Let's take a look at the following array illustration:As we can see in the preceding illustration, we have an array containing five elements. Since the array uses zero-based indexing, the index starts from 0
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