Literature
Haiku
Haiku is a traditional form of Japanese poetry consisting of three lines with a syllable pattern of 5-7-5. It often focuses on nature and evokes a sense of simplicity and beauty. Haiku typically captures a fleeting moment or emotion, using vivid imagery and sensory language to convey profound insights in a concise and contemplative manner.
Written by Perlego with AI-assistance
8 Key excerpts on "Haiku"
Learn about this page
Index pages curate the most relevant extracts from our library of academic textbooks. They’ve been created using an in-house natural language model (NLM), each adding context and meaning to key research topics.
eBook - ePubClassic Haiku
An Anthology of Poems by Basho and His Followers
- Basho, Asataro Miyamori(Authors)
- 2012(Publication Date)
- Dover Publications(Publisher)
INTRODUCTIONI
Haiku 1 ( ) and Epigrams
The Haiku ( )is the shortest of Japanese poems, consisting of three lines of five, seven and five syllables respectively, i.e. of seventeen syllables all told, and in it seven or eight, at most ten words are counted. Here are examples:—Tsurigane ni Tomarite nemuruUpon the temple bell A butterfly is sleeping well. By BusonKoch kanaAra-umi yaThe sea is wild! The Milky Way extends Far over to the island of Sado.Sado ni yokotAma-no-gawaBy BashThe Haiku is written in a kind of verse; but, unlike the tanka, which is the next shortest poem of thirty-one syllables, and all other types of Japanese songs and poems, it is a peculiar form of wit, concentrated to the last degree, too short and rather too stiff to sing. It is subject to the traditional limit of three lines and seventeen syllables ; but, as is the case with all other types of Japanese poetry, it has no metre and no rhyme. It is true that almost all Japanese words, like Italian words, end in vowels so that they sound rather smooth and musical. But most of the words employed in poetry, except in some modern poems, are pure Japanese words in which the vowels sound short. Therefore rhyming would be of no value. For instance, in the following verse by Bash :—Yagate shinu Keshiki wa miezu Semi no koeThere is no sign in the cicadas’ cry That they are just about to die.Shinu of the first line accidentally rhymes with miezu of the second line; but the vowels sound short and consequently have no effect, compared with “cry” and “die” in the translation. It is true that many Japanese words of Chinese origin called kango are sometimes used in Haiku for the sake of vigour of sound, which pure Japanese words lack, but they are never employed for rhyming purposes. Again, there is no stress or force accent2
eBook - ePubJapanese Calligraphy
Shodo
- Sumiko Knudsen(Author)
- 2018(Publication Date)
- Books on Demand(Publisher)
13.Haiku 俳句Haiku History 俳句歴史
Haiku was established in the Edo period (1603-1868). The word "Haiku" was used by Masaoka Shiki about 100 years ago. Haiku was called Haikai in the Edo period.Kokin Wakashuu 古今和歌集 about 1000The word Haikai originally meant the meaning of "fun" or "fun flavor", which was used in rhythms made during the Muromachi period (1336-1573) to the Edo period. Renga was originally aimed at the elegant beauty world, but in the end, it became a fun word game from the original way. Eventually, Renga's first syllables (5 · 7 · 5) became independent and appreciated, it became Haiku now. We call this independent form of Haikai expression. During the Edo period, Matsuo Basho, famous for the creator of "Oku no Hosomichi", became active and very popular for people who had Haikai culture.Then Masaoka Shiki, who is after Meiji (1868-1912), revived this ancient form of poetry as a new poem and called Haiku.Haiku 俳句
"Haiku" is a traditional form of Japanese poetry. Haiku refers to a Japanese poetry consisting of five, seven and five syllables in three lines, it is a rule that it must contain words that represent the season called "season words". The expression of Haikai was shortened and it was called Haiku.Why is Haiku 5. 7. 5?
A traditional Japanese Haiku is a three line-wise with seventeen syllables written in a 5.7.5 syllable. Haiku often focuses on nature and emphasizes simplicity, intensity and direct expression.Seasonal to be used.Kokin Wakashuu 古今和歌集 about 1000Only the top sentence of Renga became Haiku, and people exchange the poem (5 · 7 · 5) and the bottom sentence (7 · 7) became Waka. During the Edo period, Matsuo Basho established a Haiku expression, and it became a very popular one.Haiku must express nature's beauty and feelings of humans within the limited number of characters in three lines and with the seventy signs in the Japanese language. Therefore, by including the season word, it is possible to express the situation the author intends in an easily understandable way.
eBook - ePubHow to Teach Poetry Writing: Workshops for Ages 8-13
Developing Creative Literacy
- Michaela Morgan(Author)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
December.- Count the beats in the words of the model poems. Mark the syllables in each word. Explain that a Haiku is an old Japanese form of verse which always has five syllables in the first line, seven syllables in the second and five syllables in the last line.
- Haiku are usually snapshot word pictures which try to capture a moment in time.
- Writing a Haiku will encourage the writer to choose words carefully – to search for alternative words and be aware of syllables. Haiku writing encourages writing with care – every word counts. Unnecessary words can be deleted (this is good practice for all poetry writing.)
Analyse models
- The traditional Japanese models describe both nature and a particular time. The final line of a Haiku often offers a sense of conclusion.
- Modern Haiku is often more playful than traditional Japanese Haiku, but still preserves the syllable count and the three-line form.
- Traditional Haiku offers a calm, thoughtful mood. How does it achieve this? (By lack of pounding rhythm and rhyme, which would increase pace and take away from the contemplative quality of the poem.)
- Notice in Haiku 1 that the definite article (the ) before ‘evening’s ’ has been omitted – why? Comment how often poetry is trimmed down to its essentials. A poet will revise a poem and delete.
- Notice the line endings in Haiku 2. A poet chooses carefully where to start and end each line. Why has the poet ended the lines where he does?
- The three modern examples have added a title. The title does not just repeat the content of the verse – it tries to add something to it.
eBook - ePub- Stephen May(Author)
- 2010(Publication Date)
- Teach Yourself(Publisher)
The problem often comes when, as adults, people want to express themselves through poetry and find that the only models they have are from several generations, even centuries, ago. Reading these masters, it can feel impossible to imagine emulating them by writing poetry of your own. It can seem too difficult, or a job for those with a particular kind of education.The former poet laureate Ted Hughes once wrote to his daughter, Frieda (also a fine poet), that the only way for anyone to improve their own poetry was to read the works of others aloud.As new poets, what we need to do is to try and bring back the spirit of play. To tap into the child we were, or the adolescent we were, and to see if we can do now what we did without thinking back then. And we’re going to start small. Very small.Haiku
A Haiku is a three-line poem which tries to preserve a fleeting moment. It acts as an emotional photograph of something that has passed the moment the poet tried to capture it. There’s a sense that every writer writes anticlockwise: i.e. tries to hold back time, to cage it, which is both impossible and a writer’s duty. There is, as the American poet and undertaker Thomas Lynch writes, ‘No such thing as still life’ and yet we persist in the attempt to hold the moment by writing it down.The melancholy that surrounds a good Haiku is a result of the tension between the necessity of the poet’s attempt to create something lasting out of what must soon pass away, and the futility of that attempt.In the original Japanese tradition the Haiku was a poem of 17 syllables (5–7–5), though you may want to vary this just a little. Remember, the point is to play
eBook - ePub- Inazo Nitobe(Author)
- 2010(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
ON Haiku
“Canons of verse I introduced, and neatly chiselled with, To look, to scan: to plot, to plan: to twist, to turn, to woo: On all to spy; in all to pry.” —Aristophanes, “The Frogs.”I
AMONG the numerous forms of literary compositions that have come into existence in Japan, in order to provide modes of expression suitable to various mental moods and temperaments, none has attracted in Europe as much attention as Haiku —perhaps the briefest rhetorical device anywhere invented. Consisting of only seventeen syllables divided into three lines, it shares some features of the sonnet and can perhaps be best compared with it. In the standard structure of the sonnet, there are three periods or breaks in thought, expressed in the fifth line of the octave, the beginning of the sestet, and in the last line, which should be the climax. It is this tripartite character of the sonnet that can be compared with the three lines of the Haiku . Otherwise the two forms are very remote from each other, both in their object and technique. There are certain other forms in Europe, especially in countries of Romance and Celtic languages, which are almost as short. Some forms of Welsh prosody—such as the cywydd metre, consisting of an indefinite number of lines of seven syllables each, or the englyn form consisting of four lines of 10, 6, 7, 7 syllables respectively—are perhaps the best examples of poetical brevity in Europe. Or perhaps Spain affords more compact forms in solea, seguidilla and cuarteta. But these forms have scarcely been adopted beyond the frontiers of their native land. And as far as a geographical diffusion is concerned, it is only the triolet that may be said to have won any degree of universality in Europe and America. The triolet has not changed its form ever since its beginning in the 13th century. Consisting of only eight lines, it has its first, fourth and seventh lines repeated, and again its second and eighth are repetitions. So, practically, it consists of five lines only—like our uta,
eBook - ePub- Neil King, Sarah King(Authors)
- 2019(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
HHaiku
a Japanese verse form comprising a single three-line stanza of seventeen syllables, the lines containing five., seven, and five syllables respectively. Designed in its brevity to capture the essence of the poet's mood toward an idea, object, season, or scene, a Haiku can lose its concision in translation since it is difficult to replicate fully the poet's intention. The form interested the imagists , e.g. in Pound 's "In a Station of the Metro" (1913), Among others Frost and Yeats were also influenced by the Haiku.half rhyme
sometimes called "near," "imperfect," or partial rhyme, or off-rhyme. occurs when two words rhyme, but not perfectly. Its effect can be gentler and more subtle in pattern than a full rhyme. For example:Move him into the sun – Gently its touch awoke him once,At home, whispering of fields unsown,Always it woke him, even in France...(from Owen s "Futility")Here "sun/unsown" and "once/France" are half rh vines. See consonance.hamartia
is an error of judgment that leads to the downfall of a tragic hero. In his POETICS Aristotle says that hamartia is not a moral failing: for instance, Oedipus kills his father on impulse and marries his mother through ignorance. It is close to, but not quite the same as, a tragic flaw (see Bradley ).Harbage, Alfred (1901–76)
American scholar and literary critic who specialized in Shakespearean research. Notable works include SHAKESPEARE'S AUDIENCE (1941).hard ending
see masculine ending.Hardy, Thomas (1840–1920)
English novelist, poet, short story writer, and dramatist. Broadly speaking he devoted the first paxt of his creative life to writing the novels for which he is best known, the second part to poetry, which he regarded, as do many critics, as his most important contribution to literature. He placed his novels into three categories:- novels of character and environment, e.g. THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE (1886)
- romances and fantasies, e.g. THE TRUMPET -MAJOR (1880)
- novels of ingenuity, e.g. A LAODICEAN
eBook - ePub- Sandra Buckley(Author)
- 2006(Publication Date)
- Routledge(Publisher)
Avant-garde Haiku poets led by Kaneko Tōta (b. 1919) tried to establish Haiku on the same level as modern vers libre (shi), namely, as a serious medium of artistic expression. Poets like Katō Ikuya (b. 1929), Mihashi Toshio and Nakamura Enko used similar techniques to modern shi poets—obscurity, abstractness, conceptual themes—to compose Haiku. Several important women poets emerged in the post-war era as a force in contemporary Haiku. Especially noteworthy is the poet Hosomi Ayako (1907–97). Although Hosomi began publishing Haiku in the pre-war period, her Haiku took a personal turn in 1951 when she gave birth to her first child at the age of forty-four. After that, she began to compose poetry about her husband and child; her award-winning 1952 collection Fuyubara (Winter Roses) contained many such poems. Her 1956 collection Kiji (Pheasant) continued this theme. Hosomi kept on writing ever more prolifically and, by the time of her 1978 collection Mandara (Mandala), was firmly established at the forefront of contemporary Haiku. Kadokawa Haruki (b. 1942), the heir to the Kadokawa publishing empire, emerged in the 1980s as an important Haiku poet. After a successful career as a movie producer, Kadokawa became involved in various scandals and was jailed at the end of the 1990s. Nevertheless, his position as a significant Haiku poet seems secure. A recent trend in Haiku has been the popularity among middle-class professionals of ‘renku' or linked Haiku, composed by small groups of poets—a return to the medieval origins of the genre. Contemporary Haiku is supported financially by a large network of associations and journals published by those associations. Senior Haiku poets judge competitions and edit journals as professionals. By 1996, it was estimated that between 3 and 4 million amateur Haiku poets existed in Japan supporting this vast network of prizes, journals and Haiku schools
eBook - ePub- Yone Noguchi(Author)
- 2021(Publication Date)
- Mint Editions(Publisher)
Hokku poems appear to be objective, those poems are again by turns quite subjective through the great virtue of the writers having the fullest identification with the matter written on. You might call such collation poetical trespassing; but it is the very point whence the Japanese poetry gains unusual freedom; that freedom makes us join at once with the soul of Nature. I admit that when such poetical method is carried to the extreme, there will result unintelligibility; but poetical unintelligibility is certainly better than the imbecility or vulgarity of which examples abound, permit me to say, in English poetry. It is the aim of this Japanese poetry that each line of the poem should appeal to the reader’s consciousness, perhaps with the unconnected words, touching and again kindling on the particular association; there is ample reason to say that our poetry is really searching for a far more elusive effect than the general English poetry.As I said before, the Hokku poems are, unlike the majority of English poems, the expression of the moods or forces of the writer’s poetical exertion, and their aim, if aim they have, is hardly connected with the thing or matter actually stated, but it casts a light on the poetical position in which the writer stands; although the phrase might be taken wrongly in the West, our Japanese poets at their best, as in the case of some work of William Blake, are the poets of attitude who depend so much on the intelligent sympathy of their readers. Their work is like a silent bell of a Buddhist temple; it may not mean anything for some people, like that bell which has no voice at all. But the bell rings out, list, in golden voice, when there is a person who strikes it; and what voice the bell should have will depend on the other. And again the Hokku poem is a bell helpless, silent, when with no reader to cooperate; when I say that the readers of Japanese poetry, particularly this Hokku
