Self-Report Design

3 Key excerpts on "Self-Report Design"

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  eBook - ePub

  Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

  An Introduction for Students and Practitioners

  • Chris Barker, Nancy Pistrang, Robert Elliott(Authors)
  • 2015(Publication Date)
  • Wiley-Blackwell

    (Publisher)

  6 Self-Report Methods

  KEY POINTS IN THIS CHAPTER

  • Self-report methods, such as interviews and questionnaires, ask the person for information directly.
  • Their advantage is that they give you the person’s own perspective; their disadvantage is that there are potential validity problems (e.g., people may deceive themselves or others).
  • The main qualitative self-report approach is the semi-structured interview.
  • Qualitative interviewing is a distinct skill, related to but different from clinical interviewing.
  • The main quantitative self-report approach is the written questionnaire, but structured interviews and internet surveys are also used.
  • There are several principles to follow in constructing quantitative self-report instruments.
  • Response sets, such as acquiescence and social desirability, refer to tendencies to respond to items independently of their content. They need to be taken into account when designing and interpreting self-report measures.

  When you want to know something about a person, the most natural thing is to ask. Research methods that take the approach of asking the person directly are known as self-report methods, and mainly take the form of interviews, questionnaires, and rating scales. They are the most commonly used type of measure in the social sciences in general and in clinical psychology in particular.

  For example, suppose that you have set up a new counseling service for adolescents and want to evaluate its effectiveness. You ask the service users to rate the severity of their problems before and after counseling and how satisfied they are, using standardized instruments. You also use a semi-structured interview to assess the adolescents’ overall experience of the service, including what they feel they has changed, what they found helpful, and any specific criticisms they had of it. Client satisfaction studies and clinical effectiveness studies

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  eBook - PDF

  Introduction to Clinical Psychology

  • John Hunsley, Catherine M. Lee(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • Wiley

    (Publisher)

  Over the past century, psychologists have constructed literally thousands of measures of individual differences. Many of these mea- sures are designed to assess personality traits, which psychologists define as consistencies in behaviour, emotions, and attitudes that are evident across situations and across time. Personality theorists and researchers work to examine the influences of genetics and life experi- ences on the development of traits (Mischel, 2004) and how traits are expressed in everyday life (Hampson, 2012). Clinical psychologists are active in both researching personality traits and in assessing person- ality traits for clinical purposes. As you may know from taking a Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures Introduction The Person-Situation Debate Self-Presentation Biases Developing Culturally Appropriate Measures The Clinical Utility of Self-Report and Projective Measures Self-Report Personality Measures MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Other Clinical Measures of Personality Functioning Self-Report Checklists of Behaviours and Symptoms Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment SCL-90-R Outcome Questionnaire 45 Beck Depression Inventory-II Children’s Depression Inventory 2 Projective Measures of Personality Rorschach Inkblot Test Summary and Conclusions 170 CHAPTER 8 Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures personality theory course, personality measures vary in the scope of the constructs they are designed to assess. Some are intended to measure very broad constructs such as extraver- sion or neuroticism; others focus on highly specific constructs such as perfectionism or moti- vation for academic tasks. Most personality measures are based on self-report data and are often called objective personality tests because they can be scored objectively (i.e., the same scoring system is always used).

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  eBook - PDF

  Introduction to Clinical Psychology

  An Evidence-Based Approach

  • John Hunsley, Catherine M. Lee(Authors)
  • 2014(Publication Date)
  • Wiley

    (Publisher)

  Over the past century, psychologists have constructed literally thousands of measures of individual differences. Introduction The Person-Situation Debate Self-Presentation Biases Developing Culturally Appropriate Measures The Clinical Utility of Self-Report and Projective Measures Self-Report Personality Measures MMPI-2 and MMPI-A Other Clinical Measures of Personality Functioning Self-Report Measures of Normal Personality Functioning Self-Report Checklists of Behaviors and Symptoms Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment SCL-90-R Outcome Questionnaire 45 Beck Depression Inventory-II Children’s Depression Inventory 2 Projective Measures of Personality Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test Summary and Conclusions Many of these measures are designed to assess personality traits, which psychologists define as consistencies in behavior, emotions, and attitudes that are evident across situations and across time. Personality theorists and researchers work to examine the influences of genetics and life experiences on the development of traits (Mischel, 2004) and how traits are expressed in everyday life (Hampson, 2012). Clinical psychologists are active in both researching personality traits and assessing personality traits for clinical purposes. As you may know from taking a personality theory course, personality measures vary in the scope of the constructs they are designed to assess. Some are intended to measure very broad constructs such as extraversion or neuroticism; others focus on highly specific constructs, such as perfectionism or motivation for academic tasks. Most personality measures are based on self-report data and are often called objective personality tests because they can be scored objectively (i.e., the same scoring system is always used). Other self-report measures are less complex than personality tests and are derived from descriptive characteristics of an experience or an event rather than from personality theories.

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