Design Calculation

4 Key excerpts on "Design Calculation"

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  eBook - ePub

  Design Assurance for Engineers and Managers

  • John A. Burgess(Author)
  • 2020(Publication Date)
  • CRC Press

    (Publisher)

  6 Design Methods and Analysis

  6.1 Introduction

  6.2 Design Methods

  6.2.1 Engineering Procedures

  6.2.2 Standard Design Methods

  6.3 Design Analysis

  6.3.1 Design Calculations

  6.3.2 Calculation Records

  6.3.3 Calculation Verification

  6.3.4 Technical Reports

  6.4 Design Integration

  6.5 Summary

  6.1 INTRODUCTION

  The design process is a combination of art and science, Developing a product which serves a useful function and packaging it in a manner which is both efficient and pleasing is an artform in itself. Yet scientific methods are required to assure the product makes effective use of materials, space, interactions among parts, and accomplishes this at a cost attractive to potential buyers. This aspect of design routinely requires mathematical analysis to determine the size and shape of parts to carry the required loads, operate for the prescribed life, withstand the environmental conditions, etc., in the course of fulfilling its intended functions. Some of the mathematical analysis may be simple, others may be very complex. Yet the principles for assuring the quality of design over the full range of extremes is essentially the same. Certain information should be defined, applied, recorded and verified for all types of calculations. This chapter discusses these basic elements and presents recommended practices for implementation.

  In addition to the mathematical aspects of design, there is another area where the orderly, logical approach of science can contribute to the design assurance process. That is in the development and use of engineering procedures and standard practices. These are tools for defining the preferred way for accomplishing the tasks assigned to the engineering organization. In a one-man engineering department the methods may be informal and simply committed to memory. But even still, the best methods based on the one engineer's personal knowledge and experience will be used over and over again—within the constraints of memory and the pressures imposed by time and cost. Overall, each engineer typically wants to do the job right and tends to stick to proven methods.

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  Engineering Problem Solving

  A Classical Perspective

  • Milton C. Shaw(Author)
  • 2001(Publication Date)
  • William Andrew

    (Publisher)

  Engineering Design 305 305 1.0 INTRODUCTION Design has many meanings to different people. These include the conception of a new process, a new product, a new use of a physical effect, the preparation of detailed drawings or tools for the workshop, a manufac-turing plan, or even a marketing strategy. Design is involved in essentially all engineering activities. Also, the elements of creativity and innovation are involved in all types and levels of design whether it is design for improved reliability and functional life, improved esthetics, reduced cost, improved ergonomics, or manufacturing methods. Design is a very important engineering activity. It involves meeting some need by applying the laws of physics and chemistry, using mathemat-ics, and the computer where appropriate. Steps in the design process involve some or all of the following: 1. Identifying requirements of the device to be designed. 2. Devising as many general solutions as possible. 3. Comparing possible approaches and selecting the one which appears to be most promising. 4. Performing detailed design based on the selected approach. 5. Specifying shapes, materials, tolerances, standard parts, methods of manufacture, and methods of testing and evaluation. 12 Engineering Design 306 Engineering Problem Solving: A Classical Perspective 6. Building a prototype and testing. 7. Redesigning to take care of problems uncovered, optimizing. 8. Adjusting the design for manufacture, taking into account cost, availability of materials and processes, ease of assembly and maintenance, useful life, appearance (esthetics), service life, safety and consequences of failure, energy consumption, and impact on the environment. 9. Sales and application procedures. 10. Updating the design based on performance in the field. While all steps in the design process involve creativity, it is particu-larly true for the initial steps where the basic concept of the design is established.

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  AISE ENGINEERING DESIGN PROCESS

  • Yousef Haik, Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, Tamer Shahin, , Yousef Haik, Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, Tamer Shahin(Authors)
  • 2017(Publication Date)
  • Cengage Learning EMEA

    (Publisher)

  Most engineering-degree courses are placed within the detailed design–stage framework. During this stage (commonly referred to as analysis and simulation) the designer selects the appropriate materials for each part and calculates accu-rately the dimensions and tolerances of the product. This process may include calculating variables such as static or dynamic loads, stresses, forces, temperature, pressures, fluid dynamics, electric current, resistance, chemical reactions, and so forth where necessary. At this stage, the designer will also apply a suitable design factor to the design to ensure that the minimum requirements for non-failure of the product are well within the design limits. Obviously, all of these variables are subject areas in their own right and are beyond the scope of this book; however, we will present an introduction to the first phases of detailed design. “ Common sense is calculation applied to life. ” ~Henri-Frédéric Amiel Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-202 320 Chapter 13: Detailed Design: Engineering Analysis By the end of this chapter, you should be able to 1. Understand the detailed design stage. 2. Identify and select engineering materials that suit a product. 3. Use techniques introduced in this chapter to evaluate and analyze design cost. Figure 13.1: Types of Forces Surface Surface forces acting on a small area Point force F Body forces acting on a small volume Boundary constraint (i.e., no displacement) 13.1 OBJECTIVES 13.2 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS The first and the most common analyses are concerned with the effects of forces on the prod-uct to ensure that the product is safe and will not fail. An object can be subjected to three kinds of external forces: 1. Surface forces : forces that are continuously distributed over the surface, such as hydrostatic pressure.

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  Engineering Design Graphics

  Sketching, Modeling, and Visualization

  • James M. Leake, Jacob L. Borgerson(Authors)
  • 2012(Publication Date)
  • Wiley

    (Publisher)

  6 Karl Smith, Project Management and Teamwork, McGraw-Hill, 2000. 4 4 CHAPTER 1 ENGINEERING DESIGN emphasis in the recent decades on project design teams. Figure 1-4 shows two engineers holding a discussion over an engineering drawing. Graphics is used throughout the entire engi- neering design process. Freehand sketching is useful both for generating ideas and for commu- nicating them. Computer-aided design (CAD) is used not only for traditional documentation purposes but also to evaluate design alternatives. Parametric solid models capture design geome- try, but they also serve as digital prototypes used in downstream analysis, prototyping, and manu- facturing applications, as well as for marketing and sales. This digital prototype is in fact a 3D CAD relational database representing all aspects of the product’s design. ❚ ANALYSIS AND DESIGN The undergraduate engineering curriculum includes both analysis and design content. Engineering analysis uses science, mathematics, and computational tools to predict the behavior of an engineering design. Analysis is character- ized by breaking a complex problem up into manageable pieces. Analysis attempts to simplify the real world by using models. In a typical analy- sis problem, the input data are given, and there is a single solution to the problem. Design problems employ synthesis as well as analysis. Design problems are open-ended; that is, there is more than one solution. In a design problem the correct answer is unknown. For this reason, optimization and decision-making tech- niques are often employed in association with design. Design problems are typically constrained by time, money, and legal issues; they tend to be multidisciplinary and of undefined scope. ❚ PRODUCT ANATOMY A product is a designed object or artifact that is purchased and used as a unit. 7 Products vary in complexity depending on the number, type, and function of their components.

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