Technology & Engineering
Thermodynamic Stability
Thermodynamic stability refers to the state of a system where it has reached a minimum energy level and is resistant to change. In engineering, it is crucial for designing reliable and durable systems, as thermodynamically stable materials and structures are less likely to undergo unexpected changes or failures. Achieving thermodynamic stability often involves minimizing energy and maximizing entropy within a system.
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4 Key excerpts on "Thermodynamic Stability"
eBook - PDF- Lokesh Pandey(Author)
- 2020(Publication Date)
- Arcler Press(Publisher)
In this chapter, there are several important points, which are explaining the stability criteria in the thermodynamic system. The concept of thermodynamics of irreversible processes (cf. Meiksner and Reik, 1959; de Groot and Mazur, 1962) are being accepted, including the viable approaches. In case of solids, it is being explained that the entropy of the production in Stability of Thermodynamic System 133 the transition that takes place between two nearby equilibrium state does not depend on the transition duration. This type of property refers to the rate, that is independent of dissipation. A different but related topic is the stability of a quasi-static deformation process, which is dissipative, rate independent and is being introduced by the loading programs. There are several phenomena like bifurcation that can predict the critical instant in many cases. Beegle, Model, and Reid (1974b) in their recent discussion explained the use of Legendre transformation to establish the Thermodynamic Stability. 6.2. THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM Thermodynamic System is defined as a microscopic region or a space in the universe. It is a region in which one or more thermodynamic processes takes place. Everything which is external to a thermodynamic system called surrounding. System and surrounding are separated by a defined border, that border is known as boundary. System, surrounding, and boundary together constitute and makes the universe. 6.3. DEFINING STABILITY Stability, in terms of mathematical definition can be formulated as the ability to recover from perturbation. Stability can be either be defined as if the bounded input into the system produces bounded output from the system. In terms of solution of different equation, function f ( x ) is said to be stable. When any other solution of the equation starts out sufficiently close to it when the value of x = 0. It remains close to it so as to have increase in the value of x.
eBook - PDFTowards an Environment Research Agenda
A Third Selection of Papers
- A. Winnett(Author)
- 2004(Publication Date)
- Palgrave Macmillan(Publisher)
Part IV Technology, Engineering and the Environment 175 8 Engineering Sustainability: Thermodynamics, Energy Systems and the Environment Geoffrey P. Hammond Summary Thermodynamic concepts have been utilized by practitioners in a variety of disciplines with interests in environmental sustainability, including ecology, economics and engineering. Widespread concern about resource depletion and environmental degradation are common to them all. It has been argued that these consequences of human development are reflected in thermodynamic ideas and methods of analysis; they are said to mirror energy transformations within society. The concept of ‘exergy’, which follows from the second law of thermodynamics, is viewed as providing the basis of a tool for resource and/or emissions accounting. It is also seen as indicating natural limits on the attainment of sustain- ability. The more traditional use of the exergy method is illustrated by a number of cases drawn from the United Kingdom energy sector: elec- tricity generation, combined heat and power schemes, and energy productivity in industry. This indicates the scope for increasing energy efficiency, and the extent of exergetic ‘improvement potential’, in each of these areas. Poor thermodynamic performance is principally the result of exergy losses in combustion and heat transfer processes. However, the application of such thermodynamic ideas outside the sphere of engineering is not without its critics. The link between the efficiency of resource utilization, pollutant emissions and ‘exergy consumption’ is real, but not direct. Methods of energy and exergy analysis are therefore employed to critically evaluate thermodynamic concepts as measures of sustainability.
- Daniel Walgraef, J Martinez-mardones, Carlos Hernan Worner(Authors)
- 2000(Publication Date)
- World Scientific(Publisher)
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF MATERIAL SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OP BASIC CONCEPTS AND RESULTS ARMANDO FERNANDEZ GUILLERMET Consejo National de Investigaciones Cientificas y Ttcnicas Centra Atomico Bariloche-Instituto Balseiro 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche-Argentina. E-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction 1.1 General Considerations Thermodynamics developed from the study of heat-engines and the relations between heat and work. However, after some time, it was recognized that the study of the effects of the thermal and mechanical interactions between the system and the surroundings provides valuable information on the equilibrium properties of the material systems, and on the reactions or transformations which occur. Today, thermodynamics might be considered as a discipline which deals with (i) a wide class of macroscopic properties of material sys-tems, (ii) the way in which these properties are influenced by the thermal, mechanical and chemical interactions with other systems, and (iii) the reac-tions or transformations involved. One of the key variables in the thermodynamic approach is temperature, and, in a certain sense, thermodynamics may be defined as the science dealing with the forms in which the properties of matter are modified by the changes in temperature. In particular, for material systems, it is interesting to determine the effects of temperature upon the equilibrium properties of a given structure, and to explore the possibility of inducing changes of structure by suitable temperature variations. The question of identifying the most stable structure for given external conditions is usually known as the Phase Stability Problem, which is often considered as a central problem in the study of material systems. Classical thermodynamics developed without referring to any particular model of the structure of matter.
- Allan D. Kraus, James R. Welty, Abdul Aziz(Authors)
- 2011(Publication Date)
- CRC Press(Publisher)
And, to be sure, the property of entropy can help us better understand the vast extent and operation of systems and devices in our universe. The harnessing of available energy and the transformation of this energy to a usable form has long been a goal of society. Indeed, energy has driven society, in a little more than a century, from muscular effort and the horse and buggy to the modern day automo-bile, supersonic transport, modern tools and appliances, heating, air conditioning, and the exploration of space. Thermodynamics provides the basic principles of energy transfer. However, because the development of particular sources of energy is becoming increasingly expensive, thermody-namics is also concerned with the efficiency of energy utilization. Moreover, thermodynam-ics is concerned with the environmental impact of various energy conversion alternatives. These are the reasons why we study thermodynamics. Our first step will be the definition of some of the working terms. 2.2 Some Definitions 2.2.1 Systems A system is any portion of the universe that is chosen for thermodynamic analysis. It can be real, imaginary, fixed, or movable and it is separated from its surroundings or environment by its boundaries (Figure 2.1). If neither mass nor energy crosses its boundaries, it is said Surroundings System System Boundary FIGURE 2.1 A system is separated from its surroundings by its boundaries. Thermodynamics: Preliminary Concepts and Definitions 17 × × No Mass In Energy In Energy Out No Mass Out Closed System FIGURE 2.2 A closed system or control mass. Energy may flow in or out but mass may not. to be an isolated system . In a closed system or control mass , only energy (and no mass) may be transferred across the system boundaries (Figure 2.2). If both mass and energy are transmitted across the system boundaries, the system is said to be an open system or control volume (Figure 2.3).
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