Manuscript Sources
Anonymous marginalia in Combe, Constitution of man, 6th edn, 1836 (Whipple Science Museum, Cambridge, Store PH-52).
George Combe Collection (NLS MS 7201–7515).
Minute Book of the Phrenological Society, Vol. 1, 1820–41, Edinburgh University
Library: Gen 608/2. Richard Cobden Papers (British Library MS 43 660 and 43 661).
J. G. Spurzheim letters (Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Boston Medical Library, Folders 1–11).
Periodicals Consulted
Aldine Magazine
American Journal of Education
American Monthly Review
American Phrenological Journal and Miscellany
Analyst
Annals of Philosophy
Augustan Review
Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine
British and Foreign Review or European Quarterly Journal
British Critic
Caledonian Mercury
Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal
Christian Examiner
Christian Journal, Conducted by Members of the Relief Church
Christian Physician and Anthropological Magazine
Edinburgh Journal of Medical Science
Edinburgh Monthly Review
Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal
Edinburgh Review, or Critical Journal
Educational Magazine, and Journal of Christian Philanthropy
Enquirer: A periodical work
Evangelical Magazine
Foreign Quarterly Review
Frankfurter Frag- und Anzeige-Nachrichten
Fraser’s Magazine
Free Church Magazine
Freimüthige: oder Ernst und Scherz
Gentleman’s Magazine
Gothaischen gelehrten Zeitung
Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen
Illustrated London News
Jenaische Allgemeine Literaturzeitung
Knickerbocker Magazine
Ladies’ repository
Lancet
Leader
Literary Gazette
London Investigator
London Medical Repository
London Phalanx
Macphail’s Edinburgh Ecclesiastical Journal
Mechanics’ Oracle
Medical and Physical Journal
Medico-Chirurgical Journal and Review
Monthly Magazine; or, British Register
Monthly Repository
Monthly Review or Literary Journal
Naturalist
neue Teutsche Merkur
North British Review
Nottingham Review
Oracle of reason
Pamphleteer
People
People’s Phrenological Journal
Philosophical Magazine and Journal
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Phrenological Almanac; or Journal of Mental and Moral Science
Phrenological and Psychological Annual
Phrenological Journal and Miscellany [continued as] Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science
Presbyterian Magazine
Princeton Review
Prompter
Quarterly Review
Reasoner
Revise Encyclopedique
Scots’ Magazine & Edinburgh Literary Miscellany
Scotsman
Spectator
Ster
Tidsskrift for Phrenologien
Transactions of the Phrenological Society
Weekly Medico-Chirurgical & Philosophical Magazine
Western Monthly Review
Westminster Review
Yale Literary Magazine
Zeitschrift für Phrenologie
Zoist: a Journal of Cerebral Physiology and Mesmerism, and their Application to Human Welfare
Printed Primary Sources
Abbott, Jacob. Gentle measures in the management and training of the young. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1871.
Abernethy, J. Physiological lectures, exhibiting a general view of Mr. Hunter’s Physiology, and of his researches in comparative anatomy. Delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons, in the Year 1817. London: Longman & Co., 2nd edn, 1817.
——, Reflections on Gall and Spurzheim’s system of physiognomy and phrenology. Addressed to the Court of Assistants of the Royal College of Surgeons, in London, in June, 1821. London: Longman & Co., 1821.
Ackermann, Jacob Fidelis. Die Gall’sche Hirn-, Schedel- und Organenlehre vom Gesichtspunkte der Erfahrung aus beurtheilt und wiederlegt, von J. F. Ackermann. Heidelberg Mohr und Zimmer, Frankfurt: J. C. B. Mohr, 1806.
Adams, William. The elements of Christian science; a treatise upon moral philosophy and practice. Philadelphia: H. Hooker & Co., 1857.
Aitkin, Thomas Johnstone. Elements of physiology: being an account of the laws and principles of the animal economy, especially in reference to the constitution of man. London: Scott, Webster & Geary, 1838.
Alcott, Louisa May. Familiar letters to young men on various subjects. Buffalo: G. H. Derby & Co., 1850.
Alcott, William Andrus. Use of tobacco; its physical, intellectual, and moral effects on the human system. New York: Fowlers and Wells, c.1855.
Alexander, Archibald. Outlines of moral science. New York: C. Scribner, 1854.
Alison, William Putney. Outlines of physiology. With an appendix, containing heads of lectures on pathology and therapeutics. Edinburgh, Blackwood, London: Cadell, 1831.
Anon. An address to the people of Scotland, occasioned by the present disputes on the ‘Constitution of Man’ as These relate to scriptural Instruction and coercive provisions for its diffusion among the population, with a postscript, containing strictures on articles V. and VI. in No. CXXIX. of the Edinburgh Review. By one of themselves. Edinburgh: M. Paterson, 1836.
Anon. An essay on the moral constitution and history of man. Edinburgh & London: 1834.
Anon. Anti-Gall oder kranioskopische Fragmente für Leser und nichtleser der Schädellehre. Leipzig: 1805.
Anon. Beleuchtung der Gall’schen Gehirn- und Schädellehre durch Vernunft und Erfahrung geleitet von einem von aller Parteilichkeit freien Beobachter; für Aerzte und Nichtärzte. Berlin: 1805.
Anon. Beytrag zu Hrn. Dr. Galls Schedellehre, oder Kurze Lebensbeschreibung des Franz Mühlbergers, eines Jünglings, dessen, als eines vorzüglichen Rechners, Büste in des Hrn. Dr. Galls Sammlung merkwürdiger Köpfe aufges-tellt ist. Vienna: 1801.
Anon. Christian duties pestilence and natural laws by London curate. London: F. & J. Rivington, 1850.
Anon. Cranologie, ou découvertes nouvelles du docteur F. J. Gall, concernant le cerveau, le crâne, et les organes. Paris: H. Nicolle, 1807.
Anon. Facts in favour of phrenology. Two letters to a friend in Oxford; in reply to the strictures of the ‘Edinburgh Review’. Macclesfield: J. Swinnerton, London: Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1826.
Anon. Human nature: a philosophical exposition of the divine institution of reward and punishment, which obtains in the physical, intellectual, and moral constitutions of man: with an introductory essay, to which is added a series of ethical observations, written during the perusal of the Rev. James Martineau’s recent work, entitled, ‘Endeavours after the Christian life’. London: 1844.
Anon. Man: as a physical, moral, religious and intellectual being, considered phrenologically. By a member of the Alloa Phrenological Society. Glasgow: J. & G. Goyder Phrenological Inst., 1844.
Anon. Observations on Combe ‘On the Constitution of Man,’ Principally in reference to phrenology, and its merits as a science. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1847.
Anon. Sir William Hamilton and phrenology. An exposition of phrenology; shewing the complete inefficacy of the objections lately advanced in the Royal Society, and the real grounds on which the system ought to be assailed. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1826.
Anon. The craniad; or Spurzheim illustrated. A poem in two parts. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1817.
Anon. Verhandeling over de onzekerheid der Physiognomie of Gelaatkunde, uit de rede en onverinding aangetoond en bij gelegenheid der Herssenschedelleer van Doctor Gall, ter overweging aangeboden, uit het Duitsch vertaald. Amsterdam: 1806.
Anon. [C.] Thought not a function of the brain: a reply to the arguments for materialism advanced by Mr. W. Lawrence in his lectures on physiology. London: C. & J. Rivington, 1827.
Anon. [Joseph Schelle?] Ausführliche Darstellung des Gall’schen System’s der Schädellehre: nach den neuesten Vorlesungen des Herrn Doctor Gall bearbeitet. Magdeburg: Keil, 1805.
Anon. [Junius] ‘The defamers of evangelical enterprise.’ Ladies’ repository: a monthly periodical, devoted to literature, arts, and religion, Aug. 1855: 495–7.
Anon. [S. R.] ‘Observations on the Remarks of A.M.…’ Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 1, 1817: 365–7.
Arneman, Justus. ‘A concise account of Dr. Gall’s new doctrine of the brain, and the faculties of the mind.’ Monthly Magazine, Oct. 1805: 327–36.
[Arnold, J. Theodor Ferdinand Kajetan.] F. J. Gall (pseud....