Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
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Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

German and English

Ludwig Wittgenstein, CK Ogden

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eBook - ePub

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus

German and English

Ludwig Wittgenstein, CK Ogden

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The Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus first appeared in 1921 and was the only philosophical work that Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) published during his lifetime. Written in short, carefully numbered paragraphs of extreme compression and brilliance, it immediately convinced many of its readers and captured the imagination of all.
Its chief influence, at first, was on the Logical Positivists of the 1920s and 1930s, but many other philosophers were stimulated by its philosophy of language, finding attractive, even if ultimately unsatisfactory, its view that propositions were pictures of reality. Perhaps most of all, its own author, after his return to philosophy in the late 1920s, was fascinated by its vision of an inexpressible, crystalline world of logical relationships.
C.K. Ogden's translation of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus has a unique provenance. As revealed in Letters of C.K. Ogden (1973) and in correspondence in The Times Literary Supplement, Wittgenstein, Ramsey and Moore all worked with Ogden on the translation, which had Wittgenstein's complete approval. The very name Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus was of Ogden's devising; and there is very strong feeling among philosophers that, among the differing translations of this work, Ogden's is the definitive text - and Wittgenstein's version of the English equivalent of his Logisch-Philosophische Abhandlung.

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Informazioni

Editore
Routledge
Anno
2014
ISBN
9781136745782
TRACTATUS LOGICO-PHILOSOPHICUS
I will only mention that to the great works of Frege and the writings of my friend Bertrand Russell I owe in large measure the stimulation of my thoughts.
If this work has a value it consists in two things. First that in it thoughts are expressed, and this value will be the greater the better the thoughts are expressed. The more the nail has been hit on the head.—Here I am conscious that I have fallen far short of the possible. Simply because my powers are insufficient to cope with the task.—May others come and do it better.
On the other hand the truth of the thoughts communicated here seems to me unassailable and definitive. I am, therefore, of the opinion that the problems have in essentials been finally solved. And if I am not mistaken in this, then the value of this work secondly consists in the fact that it shows how little has been done when these problems have been solved.
1*
Die Welt ist alles, was der Fall ist.
1.1
Die Welt ist die Gesamtheit der Tatsachen nicht der Dinge.
1.11
Die Welt ist durch die Tatsachen bestimmt und dadurch, dass es a 11 e Tatsachen sind.
1.12
Denn, die Gesamtheit der Tatsachen bestimmt, was der Fall ist und auch, was alles nicht der Fall ist.
1.13
Die Tatsachen im logischen Raum sind die Welt.
1.2
Die Welt zerfallt in Tatsachen.
1.21
Eines kann der Fall sein oder nicht der Fall sein und alles übrige gleich bleiben.
2
Was der Fall ist, die Tatsache, ist das Bestehen von Sachverhalten.
2.01
Der Sachverhalt ist eine Verbindung von Gegenständen. (Sachen, Dingen.)
2.001
Es ist dem Ding wesentlich, der Bestandteil eines Sachverhaltes sein zu können.
In der Logik ist nichts zufallig: Wenn das Ding im Sachverhalt vorkommen kann, so muss die Möglichkeit des Sachverhaltes im Ding bereits präjudiziert sein.
2.0121
Es erschiene gleichsam als Zufall, wenn dem Ding, das allein für sich bestehen könnte, nachträglich eine Sachlage passen würde.
Wenn die Dinge in Sachverhalten vorkommen können, so muss dies schon in ihnen liegen.
(Etwas Logisches kann nicht nur-möglich sein. Die Logik handelt von jeder Möglichkeit und alle Möglichkeiten sind ihre Tatsachen.)
1
The world is everything that is the case.*
1.1
The world is the totality of facts, not of things.
1.11
The world is determined by the facts, and by these being all the facts.
1.12
For the totality of facts determines both what is the case, and also all that is not the case.
1.13
The facts in logical space are the world.
1.2
The world divides into facts.
1.21
Any one can either be the case or not be the case, and everything else remain the same,
2
What is the case, the fact, is the existence of atomic facts.
2.01
An atomic fact is a combination of objects (entities, things).
2.011
It is essential to a thing that it can be a constituent part of an atomic fact.
2.012
In logic nothing is accidental: if a thing can occur in an atomic fact the possibility of that atomic fact must already be prejudged in the thing.
2.0121
It would, so to speak, appear as an accident, when to a thing that could exist alone on its own account, subsequently a state of affairs could be made to fit.
If things can occur in atomic facts, this possibility must already lie in them.
(A logical entity cannot be merely possible. Logic treats of every possibility, and all possibilities are its facts.)
Wie wir uns räumliche Gegenstände überhaupt nicht ausserhalb des Raumes, zeitliche nicht ausserhalb der Zeit denken können, so können wir uns keinen Gegenstand ausserhalb der Möglichkeit seiner Verbindung mit anderen denken.
Wenn ich mir den Gegenstand im Verbände des Sachverhalts denken kann, so kann ich ihn nicht ausserhalb der Möglichkeit dieses Verbandes denken.
2.0122
Das Ding ist selbständig, insofern es in allen möglichen Sachlagen vorkommen kann, aber diese Form der Selbständigkeit ist eine Form des Zusammenhangs mit dem Sachverhalt, eine Form der Unselbständigkeit. (Es ist unmöglich, dass Worte in zwei verschiedenen Weisen auftreten, allein und im Satz.)
2.0123
Wenn ich den Gegenstand kenne, so kenne ich auch sämtliche Möglichkeiten seines Vorkommens in Sachverhalten.
(Jede solche Möglichkeit muss in der Natur des Gegenstandes liegen.)
Es kann nicht nachträglich eine neue Möglichkeit gefunden werden.
2.01231
Um einen Gegenstand zu kennen, muss ich zwar nicht seine externen—aber ich muss alle seine internen Eigenschaften kennen.
2.0124
Sind alle Gegenstände gegeben, so sind damit auch all...

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