Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Mechanism for Oil Spills

Maged Marghany

• Editore: Gulf Professional Publishing
• Anno: 2019
• ISBN:
  9780128181126
• Argomento: Technik & Maschinenbau
• Categoria: Chemie- & Biochemietechnik

Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging Mechanism for Oil Spills delivers the critical tool needed to understand the latest technology in radar imaging of oil spills, particularly microwave radar as a main source to understand analysis and applications in the field of marine pollution. Filling the gap between modern physics quantum theory and applications of radar imaging of oil spills, this reference is packed with technical details associated with the potentiality of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and the key methods used to extract the value-added information necessary, such as location, size, perimeter and chemical details of the oil slick from SAR measurements.

Rounding out with practical simulation trajectory movements of oil spills using radar images, this book brings an effective new source of technology and applications for today's oil and marine pollution engineers.

• Bridges the gap between theory and application of the techniques involving oil spill monitoring
• Helps readers understand a new approach to four-dimensional automatic detection
• Provides advanced knowledge on image processing based on intelligent learning machine algorithms and new techniques for detection, such as quantum and multi-objective algorithms

Chapter 1

Quantum of oil spill

Abstract

This chapter introduces a new concept of oil spill investigation from the point of view of quantum mechanics. In fact, the chemical compound of an oil spill can only be explained by quantum mechanics. With this understanding, the molecular components of crude oil discharged into the sea spin on the surface. In fact, a quantum spin liquid, such as seawater, continues oscillating randomly and effectively, even at the lowest temperature of absolute zero. This chapter implements the Fermi energy concept to quantize oil spills. In addition, Schrödinger wave function for energy variations is used to understand oil spill quantum mechanics.

Keywords

Oil spill; Quantum; Crude molecular; Wave function; Spin; Oil spill; Quantum mechanics

1.1 Introduction

Quantum mechanics is a keystone to understand the mechanism of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for the oil spill imaging. In fact, the chemical compound of an oil spill can only be explained by quantum mechanics. Most of the compounds in crude oil involve molecules made up of just hydrogen and carbon atoms, which are known as hydrocarbon compounds. In this sense, hydrocarbon atoms have several characteristics, for example, energy and momentum, as well as wave-particle duality. Hydrocarbon atom wave-particle duality is the perception of quantum mechanics that each particle or quantic entity can be partially expressed in terms not only of particles (atoms) but also of waves. With this in mind, if the crude oil discharges into seawater, it drifts across the fluid bath by the waves and currents. In this view, the crude oil particles will behave like waves. The critical question is: Can the quantum field theory explain the behavior of an oil spill in the ocean? Furthermore, how could quantum mechanics provide an explanation for the trajectory movement of oil spills? Finally, can oil spills be quantized? This chapter is devoted to delivering the modern findings and theories behind quantizing oil spills.

1.2 Crude oil atom compounds

Crude oil is created from the leftovers of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. This is why it is termed a “fossil fuel.” The simplest crude oil compounds contain molecules, which are composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms [1]. Carbon atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds (Fig. 1.1). For instance, the compound methane contains one carbon, which is bonded to four hydrogen atoms (Fig. 1.2). Moreover, ethane is a further example of a simple hydrocarbon compound. Ethane contains two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms (Fig. 1.3). A molecular formula, therefore, is used in chemistry to indicate how many atoms of each element are present in a molecule [2]. For instance, the ball-and-stick model is one of the well-known molecular formulae, where the balls represent atoms and sticks represent bonds (Fig. 1.4).

Fig. 1.1 Covalent bonds.

Fig. 1.2 Methane covalent bonds.

Fig. 1.3 Ethane structure formula.

Fig. 1.4 Ball-and-stick model of molecular formula.

A molecular formula, however, does not speculate on the structure of the molecule. Scientists often use structural formulas to show the number and arrangement of atoms in any compound [3]. Conversely, the quantum theory of atoms (QTAIM) can model the molecular and condensed matter of electron structures. In practice, the electron density distribution function is expressed by the fundamental objects of a molecular structure: the atoms and their bonds. In fact, an electron density distribution of a molecule is a probability distribution, which designates the standard manner in which the electronic charge is scattered through the actual space in the nuclei. Consistent with QTAIM, the molecular structure is revealed by means of the stationary factors of the electron density together with the its gradient paths, which originate and terminate at these points [4].

If the hydrocarbon molecular components are not electronically or magnetically characterized, it is possible to address them by their electrons. ...