700 Essential Neurology Checklists

Ibrahim Imam

• Editore: CRC Press
• Anno: 2021
• ISBN:
  9781000475050
• Edizione: 1
• Argomento: Médecine
• Categoria: Neurologie

700 Essential Neurology Checklists is a collection of essential checklists which provide handy, practical, comprehensive, and evidence-based information on every aspect of neurology.

The checklists cover all aspects of neurology and its allied specialties, and they were developed to minimise error and boost clinical safety in the care of neurological patients. The lists included in the book apply to all aspects of neurology, a specialty noted for its size, diversity, and complexity, and they place emphasis on all aspects of neurological practice, from history and clinical examination to investigations and treatment. They also contain details of aetiology, epidemiology, genetics, and pathology. The information is primarily sourced from widely regarded neurology journals such as Neurology, Brain, the JNNP, Practical Neurology, and Journal of Neurology, and the emphasis is on evidence-based guidelines, review articles, ground-breaking studies, and relevant case reports.

The checklists in the book will be of benefit not only to neurologists and neurology trainees, but to all medical professionals including psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, paediatricians, general physicians, obstetricians, ophthalmologists, and specialist nurses. Purchasers of the book will also be eligible for a 12-month complimentary access to more than 3, 500 online neurology checklists at www.neurochecklists.com

CHAPTER 1 Disorders of cognition and consciousness

DOI: 10.1201/9781003221258-1

Cognitive symptoms and signs

DOI: 10.1201/9781003221258-2

Cortical release phenomena

Physiological types

• ◻ Palmomental: this is the earliest and most frequent release phenomenon
• ◻ Corneomandibular: this usually occurs along with other reflexes
• ◻ Snout

Pathological types

• ◻ Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
• ◻ Corneomandibular reflex (Wartenberg’s sign)
• ◻ Glabellar tap reflex
• ◻ Grasping reflex
• ◻ Head retraction
• ◻ Jaw jerk
• ◻ Mouth open finger spread reflex (MOFS)
• ◻ Nasopalpebral reflex
• ◻ Nuchocephalic reflex
• ◻ Palmar grasp
• ◻ Palmar support
• ◻ Palmomental reflex
• ◻ Palmocervical reflex
• ◻ Paratonia
• ◻ Plantar grasp
• ◻ Plantar support
• ◻ Pollicomental reflex
• ◻ Rooting
• ◻ Snout
• ◻ Sucking
• ◻ Support
• ◻ Utilisation behaviour

Causes

• ◻ Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• ◻ Parkinson’s disease (PD)
• ◻ Cerebrovascular disease
• ◻ Vascular dementia
• ◻ Frontotemporal dementia (FTD)
• ◻ Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
• ◻ Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• ◻ Schizophrenia
• ◻ Bipolar disorder
• ◻ Major depression

Clinical significance

• ◻ Physiological release phenomena are present in 50% of adults
• ◻ >3 release phenomena together are pathological
• ◻ Higher number of release phenomena correlates with poorer cognitive function
• ◻ There is better correlation with subcortical than cortical lesions
• ◻ No pathological release phenomenon is disease specific
• ◻ Snout and grasp reflexes are the best predictors of significant disease
• ◻ Suck and root reflexes are uncommon

Confabulation

Clinical features

• ◻ This is when false beliefs and memories are generated to fill in gaps in memory
• ◻ It is a result of deficits in memory retrieval
• ◻ It occurs involuntarily and unconsciously
• ◻ Some confabulations are partially true

Types

• ◻ Spontaneous (fantastic)
• ◻ Provoked (momentary)

Psychiatric causes

• ◻ Korsakoff’s syndrome
• ◻ Split-brain syndrome
• ◻ Anosognosia for hemiplegia
• ◻ Anton’s syndrome
• ◻ Capgras syndrome
• ◻ Schizophrenia

Neurological causes

• ◻ Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
• ◻ Traumatic brain injury
• ◻ Hydrocephalus
• ◻ Encephalitis
• ◻ Autism
• ◻ Multiple ...