A History of the United States in Five Crashes
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A History of the United States in Five Crashes

Scott Nations

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eBook - ePub

A History of the United States in Five Crashes

Scott Nations

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In this absorbing, smart, and accessible blend of economic and cultural history, Scott Nations, a longtime trader, financial engineer, and CNBC contributor, takes us on a journey through the five significant stock market crashes in the past century to reveal how they defined the United States today

The Panic of 1907: When the Knickerbocker Trust Company failed, after a brazen attempt to manipulate the stock market led to a disastrous run on the banks, the Dow lost nearly half its value in weeks. Only billionaire J.P. Morgan was able to save the stock market.

Black Tuesday (1929): As the newly created Federal Reserve System repeatedly adjusted interest rates in all the wrong ways, investment trusts, the darlings of that decade, became the catalyst that caused the bubble to burst, and the Dow fell dramatically, leading swiftly to the Great Depression.

Black Monday (1987): When "portfolio insurance, " a new tool meant to protect investments, instead led to increased losses, and corporate raiders drove stock prices above their real values, the Dow dropped an astonishing 22.6 percent in one day.

The Great Recession (2008): As homeowners began defaulting on mortgages, investment portfolios that contained them collapsed, bringing the nation's largest banks, much of the economy, and the stock market down with them.

The Flash Crash (2010): When one investment manager, using a runaway computer algorithm that was dangerously unstable and poorly understood, reacted to the economic turmoil in Greece, the stock market took an unprecedentedly sudden plunge, with the Dow shedding 998.5 points (roughly a trillion dollars in valuation) in just minutes.

The stories behind the great crashes are filled with drama, human foibles, and heroic rescues. Taken together they tell the larger story of a nation reaching enormous heights of financial power while experiencing precipitous dips that alter and reset a market where millions of Americans invest their savings, and on which they depend for their futures. Scott Nations vividly shows how each of these major crashes played a role in America's political and cultural fabric, each providing painful lessons that have strengthened us and helped us to build the nation we know today.

A History of the United States in Five Crashes clearly and compellingly illustrates the connections between these major financial collapses and examines the solid, clear-cut lessons they offer for preventing the next one.

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Informazioni

Anno
2017
ISBN
9780062467294
INDEX
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Accenture, 287
adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), 179, 212–213
option ARM, 179, 180, 186, 189, 202, 213
subprime loans, 189, 202, 222–223
AIG (American International Group), 192–196
auditor report, 226–227
bailout by Federal Reserve, 236–237
credit default swaps, 195–196, 205–206, 211–212
credit default swaps collateral, 219–221, 223, 225, 226
credit rating, 193, 194, 195, 205–206, 212, 219, 235–236
credit rating collateral, 206, 212, 219, 235–236
mortgages will recover, 225–226
algorithmic trading. See electronic trading
Alternative Mortgage Transaction Parity Act (1982), 189
American economy
1896 to 1900, 5–6
1927 strength, 73
1929 auto production, 103
1970s, 117, 123
1980s, 123–124
2000 Internet bubble, 197, 198
2008 job losses, 242
2010 recovery, 248
Great Depression, 54, 70, 115, 229
post-World War One, 62, 63–64, 65–66
World War One GDP, 62
American Founders Group, 78–79
antitrust actions
Knight Sugar trust, 10–11, 12, 13
Northern Securities, 12–15
Roosevelt trust injunctions, 25
Sherman Antitrust Act, 10, 24
Standard Oil, 19–21, 22–27
Babson, Roger, 97–99, 101, 107
Babson Break, 98, 108
Bair, Sheila, 204
Baker, Howard, 171, 172
Bank of America, 226, 232, 233–234, 235, 240
Bank of England
gold for earthquake claims, 17–18, 21
gold standard after war, 67–70, 102
structure of, 72
banking
1929 Crash consortium, 108–110, 111, 113
1987 crash, 163–165
call money cost, 50–51, 52, 53, 75–76
call money from nonbanks, 75–76, 83–84, 85, 88, 89–90, 93–94
capital reserve and default risk, 184, 185, 186
capital reserve and tranched mortgages, 196
chain banks, 31, 45
Glass-Steagall Act, 298, 299
mortgage correlation, 206–209
mortgage “lenders” to “originators,” 180, 182, 201
mortgage lending fraud, 203–205, 241, 243
mortgage originator buybacks, 214–215, 216–217
mortgage securitization, 190–191, 199–200, 201–203, 205, 206, 222, 299
rating agency complicity, 208, 209–211, 218
redlining, 189–190
savings and loans, 177–180
stocks as collateral, 31, 32–33, 35, 37–38, 52, 78, 83, 100
subprime loans, 189. See also subprime mortgages
Troubled Asset Relief Program, 237–241, 242, 243, 299
trust companies, 41–44, 45–51, 53, 122
Barclays
2010 Flash Crash, 272–277, 282–283, 289, 296
Lehman purchase, 232, 234–235
Barney, Charles, 35, 40–41, 42, 45, 46
Bear Stearns, 130, 156, 217–218, 220–221, 223, 227–228, 299
Bernanke, Ben, 204–205, 222–223, 225
Bies, Susan, 204
BISTRO (Broad Index Secured Trust Offering), 186, 195
Black, Fischer, 118–119, 120, 139, 158
Black Monday of 1987
1987 crash, 149–160, 163–164
Black-Scholes model, 118–119, 120, 139, 158
buybacks, 172–174
CME clearinghouse, 161–164
Designated Order Turnaround, 154–155, 165, 166
DOT and index arbs, 154, 156–157, 165, 167, 168
“highly confident” letter, 134, 136, 142
interest rates and bull market, 124, 130, 138, 144
interest rates and inflation, 145–146, 148
interest rates and trade deficit, 144–145, 150–151, 152
Iran attack, 153–154
junk bonds, 135–136, 137
leveraged buyout, 124–126
liquidity, 121, 139, 143, 158, 161
Major Market Index futures, 171–172, 173, 174
NYSE trading halt, 147, 156, 157, 158, 160, 169–171, 173
portfolio insurance, 118–122. See also portfolio insurance
portfolio insurance and futures, 133–134, 142. See al...

Indice dei contenuti