What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us
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What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us

or, A Period of Time, Volume Two

Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, Roger Allen

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eBook - ePub

What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us

or, A Period of Time, Volume Two

Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, Roger Allen

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With What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us, the Library of Arabic Literature brings readers an acknowledged masterpiece of early 20th-century Arabic prose. Penned by the Egyptian journalist Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, this exceptional title was first introduced in serialized form in his family’s pioneering newspaper Misbah al-Sharq ( Light of the East ), on which this edition is based, and later published in book form in 1907. Widely hailed for its erudition and its mordant wit, What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us was embraced by Egypt’s burgeoning reading public and soon became required reading for generations of Egyptian school students. Bridging classical genres and the emerging tradition of modern Arabic fiction, What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us is divided into two parts, the second of which was only added to the text with the fourth edition of 1927. Sarcastic in tone and critical in outlook, the book relates the excursions of its narrator 'Isa ibn Hisham and his companion, the Pasha, through a rapidly Westernized Cairo at the height of British occupation, providing vivid commentary of a society negotiating—however imperfectly—the clash of imported cultural values and traditional norms of conduct, law, and education. The “Second Journey” takes the narrator to Paris to visit the Exposition Universelle of 1900, where al-Muwaylihi casts the same relentlessly critical eye on European society, modernity, and the role of Western imperialism as it ripples across the globe. Paving the way for the modern Arabic novel, What 'Isa ibn Hisham Told Us is invaluable both for its sociological insight into colonial Egypt and its pioneering role in Arabic literary history.

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Informazioni

Editore
NYU Press
Anno
2015
ISBN
9781479874958
حديث عيسى بن هشام
المجلّد الثاني
What ʿĪsā Ibn Hishām Told Us
Volume Two
١،٢٦
ornament
26.1
قال عيسى بن هشام: ولقد أعجب الباشا ما رآه في تلك المجامع والمشاهد، وخبره في تلك المجالس والمعاهد، لما احتوته من أسباب العظة والاعتبار، ممّا يغني عن طول التجربة والاختبار، وصادفت من نفسه ارتياحًا، ومن صدره انشراحا، وذهب عنه بفضلها ما كان يجده من مضاضة النائبات، وما كان يقاسيه من غضاضة المصيبات، فانقلب التقطيب بشرا، انقلاب العسر يسرا، كذلك من اختبر أحوال سواه هان عليه ما اشتد من بلواهوكان منذ خرجت به من مجلس العلماء إلى أن انتهينا من مجلس الأمراء، يلج في الاستزادة، ويلح في طلب الإفادة، فقلت له: لم يبق أمامنا من المجالس والمنتديات إلا ما اشتملت عليه الأزبكية من المخجلات المنديات، وما تضمنته من الموبقات والمنكرات، والمقامرات والمسكرات، وهو ما أرتفع بك عن ملابسته، وأنأى بك عن ملامسته، وأنا أجلك أن أسلك بك مسالك التهمة، وأحلك محال الريبة والشبهة، وأنفس بقدرك أن أهبط بك مهابط الشك والظنة، وأربأ بسنك ومقامك أن تخالط تلك الزمر، وأن تغوص في تلك الغمر، فتنحو بالضرورة منحاهم، وتقفو بحكم الصورة مسعاهم، وتحمل نفسك الشريفة ما لم تتعوده من مثل ما يعملون، وشروى ما يفعلون.
ʿĪsā ibn Hishām said: The Pāshā had been amazed by what he had seen in these gatherings and meeting places and what he had learned in the sessions involved. They had offered object lessons and counsel that could dispense with the need for lengthy experience. They had offered him some relief and relaxation, and as a result his sufferings at the cruel hand of fate and destiny had dissipated. Frowns had turned into smiles, and difficulties had now become that much easier. So it happens that those people who have experienced hardships find adversity that much less of a burden. Ever since we had moved from the gathering of religious scholars to that of princes, he had kept asking for more of the same and insisting that he gain more knowledge. I told him that the only meeting places and clubs left for us to try were the scandalous clubs in the Ezbekiyyah, with all their varieties of filth, corruption, lechery, and drunkenness. “I’ve too high a regard for you,” I said, “to bring into contact with such things; I should keep you far away. I have too much respect for you to lead you down paths that would see accusations leveled against you and raise doubts about your probity. I value your status too much to drag you down to such dubious haunts; my concern for your age and status will not permit me to let you mix with such people and dive into such a fetid pond. You will of necessity follow their lead and copy their ways. Your noble self will have to endure the kind of things they do, things the like of which you’ve never experienced. And they are evil indeed!”
٢،٢٦
ornament
26.2
فقال لي: تقول ذلك وقد آتيتني من دروس الحكمة العالية، والفلسفة السامية، ما أزدري معه عذل العاذلين، وأستخف به لوم الجاهلين، ولا يضير النفس الشريفة الطاهرة أن تجاور النفس الدنيئة الفاجرة، والمريض لا يعدي المريض، ولا تذهب رائحة الدفر برائحة الطيب، ورؤية النقيصة والرذيلة تزيد النفس الفاضلة تمكنًا من الفضيلة، وبالفاسد يعرف الصحيح، ولا تغلو قيمة الحسن إلا بمقابلته بالقبيح:
وبضدّها تتميّز الأشياء
ومن اشتغل بالأخلاق ولم يخبر بنفسه أخبارها، ويسبر أغوارها، فهو يرجم بالظنون، كالمتكهن بما يكون، أو كمن يرسم على الخيال، أو يصور على غير مثال – ذلك من فضل ما علمتني ممّا علمت رشدا – ولقد كان من أدب الحكام في أيام دولتنا، ورفعة صولتنا أن يغيروا من هيئاتهم، ويستروا من سماتهم، ويبدلوا أزياءهم المعروفة بأزياء لهم غير مألوفة، فينسابوا في مجتمعات العامة أوقات فراغهم لمسامراتهم، وساعات خلوهم لمحاضراتهم ليقفوا على جلية الأمور بالعيان والأثر، لا بالسمع والخبرفلم يكن امتزاجهم بالعامة ممّا يحط من قدرهم، ويخل بنهيهم وأمرهم، على أنني قد لبست من البعث بعد الموت جلبابا أتخذه بيني وبين الناس سترًا وحجابا، فهلمّ فاسلك بي هذي المذاهب، وادخل بي تلك المسارب، فإني أجد من نفسي توقًا إلى إدامة الاطلاع على مخبؤ الأخلاق ومكنون الطباع.
“How can you say such things?” he replied, “when you’ve provided me with a whole variety of scholarship and philosophy that has enabled me to scorn the reproaches and criticisms of ignorant fools? A pure and noble soul will never suffer harm from being close to an evil and corrupt one. One patient rarely infects another; a foul stench can rarely dispel the odor of perfume. A close look at sin and vice only serves to strengthen the virtuous soul’s adherence to virtue. The genuine is defined by what is corrupt, and the value of what is good is only enhanced through contact with what is evil.
Things are defined by their opposites.2
“Anyone who decides to study ethics without conducting research for himself or probing their depths can only indulge in conjectures, like someone trying to foretell what will happen, an artist using the imagination, or a painter without a model. The appreciation of all this I owe to the good advice you’ve been giving me. In the time of our regime, it was considered appropriate for governors and senior officials to change their appearance, disguise themselves, and substitute unfamiliar attire for their usual uniform. They could then mix with people during their leisure time and hours of relaxation and chat with them. That way, officials could find out for themselves what social conditions were really like, rather than having to rely purely on reports and word of mouth. Such contact with the common people did nothing to affect their prestige or detract from their authority. In my own case, following my resurrection from the dead I’ve donned a garment which has placed a veil between me and the common people. So come on, take me to these places. I find that I’m eager to continue my research on the secret aspects of people’s morality.”
٣،٢٦
ornament
26.3
قال عيسى بن هشام: فوافقته على عزمه، ونزلت على حكمه، وقصدت به قصد تلك الروضة الغناء، والجنة الزهراء، فلمّا وصلنا إلى بابها، ووقفنا تلقاء دولابها، وضعت فيه أجرة العبور، كما يوضع النذر في صندوق النذور، ثمّ درت فيه دورتي، ودار الباشا دورته، فكاد يهيج حرج الدولاب سورته، وقال: هل كتب على الداخل في هذا البستان، أن يدور في ساقيته دورة الثيران، فقلت له: شاع التخوين بين الناس في جميع الأشياء، وأفرطوا في التحفظ من بعضهم فاخترعوا مثل هذه الآلة الصمّاء، فهي تعدّ في كل دورة ما ينقده الداخل من الأجرة، فلا يضيع منه مثقال ذرة.
ولمّا تخللنا خلال مسالكها، وجلسنا على أريكة من أرائكها، أعجب الباشا حسن المكان وازدهاه، وتملكه الابتهاج وتولاه، وقال: ما شاء الله لا قوة إلا بالله، من صاحب هذه من كبراء البلد، فقلت: هي ملك كل واحد وليس يملكها أحد، جعلتها الحكومة من المنافع العامة، لنزهة الخاصة والعامة، فيتمتع الناس بهذه النزهة المفيدة، بتلك الأجرة الزهيدة.
ʿĪsā ibn Hishām said: So I went along with his decision and complied with his request. I took him to the luxuriant and fragrant park in the Ezbekiyyah. When we reached the gate, we stopped at the turnstile where I put in the admission fee; it was just like putting votive offerings into a donation box. I took my turn in it and so did the Pāshā. Suppressing his anger he asked me why people entering these gardens were expected to go round in circles like an ox at a waterwheel. I replied that these days people distrusted each other and were excessively concerned about safety, so they had invented inanimate machines like this; it counted what the entrants paid at every turn, and so not a grain of dust was lost. We started strolling along the paths and then sat down on a bench. The Pāshā was overwhelmed by the sheer beauty of the place and expressed his delight. “God alone possesses power and might!” he exclaimed. “Which grandee owns this place?” “It belongs to everyone,” I replied, “no one person owns it. The government has turned it into a public facility, so all kinds of people can take a stroll. Everyone can enjoy this park by paying a very small fee.”
٤،٢٦
ornament
26.4
قال عيسى بن هشام: ثمّ طفنا في أنحاء الحديقة، نتنزه بين أشجارها الوريقة، وأزهارها الأنيقة، والباشا يتأمل ويعجب، ويشاهد محاسنها ويطرب:
أرض إذا جردت في حسنـهـا
فكرك دلتـك علـى الصـانـع
وبعد أن نظر الباشا ذات اليمين وذات الشمال، التفت إليّ فقال:
الباشا ما لنا لا نرى هذا المكان مزدحمًا بالناس يتفيأون ظلاله، ويشاهدون جمال مناظره وبديع صنعه؟ ما دامت الحكومة قد أباحته لكل داخل كما تقول، وكأنّ الأمر على العكس، فإني لا أرى فيه غير هؤلاء الأجانب في أزيائهم بأبنائهم ونسائهم، وكأنما الحكومة قد جعلته وقفًا عليهم دون سواهم، فإننا منذ دخولنا وتجوالنا فيه لم نشاهد من المصريين غيرنا.
ʿĪsā ibn Hishām said: We started walking around the various parts of the garden, looking at the leafy trees, luxuriant branches, and pretty flowers. The Pāshā kept looking at everything in amazement, utterly thrilled by what he was seeing:
A spot that reveals the Creator to you
when you disclose your thoughts on its beauty.3
The Pāshā looked left and right and then asked me:
Pāshā Why isn’t this place thronged with people? Why aren’t they taking advantage of the shade and looking at the beautiful views and marvelous design? As long as the government has opened it up to everyone, as you’ve just told me, why does it look exactly the opposite? The only people I can see are those foreigners over there wearing their distinctive clothes with their wives and children by their side? Has the government reserved this place for Westerners to the exclusion of other people? Since we entered and started walking around, we’re the only Egyptians I’ve seen.
٥،٢٦
ornament
26.5
عيسى بن هشام ليس الذنب في ذلك على الحكومة، وإنما اعتاد المصريون أن لا يلتفتوا إلا قليلا إلى اللذات الأدبية من ترويح النفس بالمناظر المبهجة والمرائي الشائقة، وتنزيه النظر ورياضة الفكر في مطالعة كتاب الكائنات ومحاسن المخلوقات، فترى الواحد منهم قد حبس نفسه في دائرة الوجود على الماديات فيكاد يمر عليه الدهر الطويل دون أن ينظر نظرة في النجوم، ودون أن يلتفت الت...

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