Manual Drafting for Interiors

Christine Cavataio

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2011
• ISBN:
  9781118129982
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Arquitectura
• Subtopic: Diseño de interiores

The interior designer's guide to effective hand drafting

The kinesthetic act of completing a manually drafted drawing gives interior designers a greater understanding of the space they're designing, time to reflect on their work, and the skills needed to quickly draw freehand for presentations and design concept developments.

Manual Drafting for Interiors is an essential reference for interior designers learning how to manually draft scaled floor plans, elevations, sections, and three-dimensional drawings. Clearly explaining techniques and methods, it begins with an explanation of drafting tools and their various uses, and then presents instructions and illustrations that indicate how to complete increasingly more difficult drafting conventions. Additionally, readers will learn drawing techniques for indicating various materials, symbols for coordinating related drawings, and architectural lettering.

Complemented with extensive drawings, inspiring examples, and tips for developing your own style of graphic expression, Manual Drafting for Interiors arms readers with essential skills they'll use throughout their career as a designer.

Chapter 1
Before Beginning

Key Terms and Phrases

• Scales
• Material symbols
• Mark making
• Coordinated drawings
• Paraline drawings [images]
• Isometric drawings
• Oblique drawings
• Field measuring [field measurements]
• Measured drawing
• Hard-line drawing
• Orthographic drawing
• Computer-aided drafting (CAD)
• Freehand drawing
• Line weight
• Accuracy
• Economy of time

About This Text

It is hoped that this primer will be useful as a reference for independent study or as a companion textbook for an introductory drafting course. The underlying template for organizing this text is an introductory drafting course. Information is presented in a similar sequence, with each chapter introducing basic concepts and skills that can be built upon in subsequent chapters. However, specific topics can be referenced in any order. The instruction and examples address the design of building interiors and the various components and elements that constitute this specific area of environmental design.

Written detailed instructions and illustrations are used to guide readers from basic drafting conventions to advanced drafting techniques. From chapter assignments, beginners are able to use hand tools to produce scaled floor plans, elevations, sections, and three-dimensional line drawings. In addition, readers learn drawing techniques for indicating various materials, symbols for coordinating related drawings, architectural lettering, and accurately recording field measurements. The assignments are sequenced with increasing difficulty while incorporating drafting methods presented in previous chapters. Consequently, basic methods and techniques can be practiced several times, leading to greater skill achievement and eventual mastery.

Chapter Descriptions

This chapter explains the difference between architectural drafting and freehand drawing, and the rationale for learning how to manually draw even though computer-aided drafting is relied on almost exclusively in professional practice. Readers are presented with the primary concepts that guide drafting practice and suggestions for successfully gaining skill. From viewing examples integrated into the text, readers will gain an appreciation for manual drafting and understand how it can be used to communicate and inspire interior design concepts.

Chapter 2 outlines what is needed to begin learning how to draft. Tools are illustrated, and the purpose and proper use of each tool is outlined with text and illustrations. In this chapter, readers learn the correct way to hold a pencil and how to use an architectural scale. Measurement scales commonly used for various interior design drawing types are introduced, and the level of detail that can be illustrated with each scale is portrayed. The first assignment is a series of practice exercises for gaining basic skill using tools and applying various commonly used scales.

Chapter 3 introduces two-dimensional or orthographic drawings, beginning with the most familiar type, the floor plan. Figure 1.1 is an example of a partial floor plan that shows walls and furniture. Step-by-step instructions indicate how to develop this type of drawing. The concept of projecting a two-dimensional view from another is explained. The assignments present an opportunity for practicing orthographic projection and developing a drawing.

FIGURE 1.1 Furniture floor plan

Chapter 4 presents the techniques and methods for architectural lettering. Readers are introduced to appropriate variations in form for both letters and numbers. Additionally, suggestions for composing the drawing sheet with a border and title block are introduced. The assignments focus on lettering practice.

Chapter 5 focuses on adding information that helps convey design details in the drafted drawing. Included are examples of many common interior surface materials and textures. Methods for duplicating these are discussed, and completed drawings are shown before and after surface material symbols and other details are applied. Completing assignments will increase proficiency of mark making for representing various materials.

Drafting conventions for adding dimensions and notes to a drawing are presented in Chapter 6. Methods and suggestions are given for positioning dimensions and supporting lines in a way in which they can be easily read off the drawing. The assignments provide drawings for practice placing dimension lines and notes.

Chapter 7 presents drafting conventions for illustrating a project with multiple drawings. Readers are introduced to graphic symbols that connect one drawing view to another. Examples show how these symbols are used to organize a group of drawings into a sequential set that allows for easy navigation while locating information. The assignments require readers to learn suggested symbols to coordinate a set of drawings.

Chapter 8 introduces three-dimensional drawings to readers (Figure 1.2). In this lesson, each type of drawing is explained, including isometric and oblique drawings. The illustrations for this chapter guide drafting students through the steps for producing a paraline image using dimensions from orthographic drawings. Drawing techniques are introduced for maximizing the view of the interior. The assignments provide an opportunity to practice the steps for creating a three-dimensional view.

FIGURE 1.2 Three-dimensional view of wood molding

Techniques and methods for recording field measurements and producing drafted drawings from freehand sketches is the topic of Chapter 9. Particular attention is focused on the sequential steps for obtaining measurements and recording information in the field for use later in constructing orthographic views. The assignment gives beginners an opportunity to create a set of drawings starting with freehand sketches.

Chapter 10 expands field-dimensioning techniques by introducing measured drawing. This set of instructions provides methods for recording site conditions with the greater accuracy necessary for documenting historic or significant interiors and components. In the second portion of this chapter, more advanced illustrative techniques are explored for rendering manually drafted drawings. The assignments guide students to experiment with the various methods presented.

Drafting versus Freehand Drawing

Unlike other types of drafting, architectural drawing has been developed with the practical purpose of communicating specific information to readers. Methods and techniques that allow information to be conveyed with clarity in a concise, efficient manner have evolved over time. As a result, architectural drafting is a graphic communication system that uses line drawings together with notes and symbols to effectively convey information that describes the subject depicted. Drawings vary based on their purpose and intended audience, whether that is a client, builder, or vendor.

What characteristics do all drafted drawings have? They are all line drawings in which most lines are typically drawn with the aid of tools (Figure 1.3). There are exceptions, but even drawings with mostly freehand lines are started with drafted layout lines.

FIG...