Olin's Construction

Principles, Materials, and Methods

H. Leslie Simmons

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2011
• ISBN:
  9781118067055
• Edition: 9
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Construction & Architectural Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Get the updated industry standard for a new age of construction!

For more than fifty years, Olin's Construction has been the cornerstone reference in the field for architecture and construction professionals and students. This new edition is an invaluable resource that will provide in-depth coverage for decades to come. You'll find the most up-to-date principles, materials, methods, codes, and standards used in the design and construction of contemporary concrete, steel, masonry, and wood buildings for residential, commercial, and institutional use. Organized by the principles of the MasterFormat ® 2010 Update, this edition:

• Covers sitework; concrete, steel, masonry, wood, and plastic materials; sound control; mechanical and electrical systems; doors and windows; finishes; industry standards; codes; barrier-free design; and much more
• Offers extensive coverage of the metric system of measurement
• Includes more than 1, 800 illustrations, 175 new to this edition and more than 200 others, revised to bring them up to date
• Provides vital descriptive information on how to design buildings, detail components, specify materials and products, and avoid common pitfalls
• Contains new information on sustainability, expanded coverage of the principles of construction management and the place of construction managers in the construction process, and construction of long span structures in concrete, steel, and wood

The most comprehensive text on the subject, Olin's Construction covers not only the materials and methods of building construction, but also building systems and equipment, utilities, properties of materials, and current design and contracting requirements. Whether you're a builder, designer, contractor, or manager, join the readers who have relied on the principles of Olin's Construction for more than two generations to master construction operations.

Chapter 1

Design and Contracting Requirements

Introduction

Applicable MasterFormatTM Sections

Building Design

Industry Standards

Codes

Barrier-Free Design

Sustainable Building Design

Construction Documents

Bidding and Negotiation

Construction Contract Administration

Construction Management

Additional Reading

Acknowledgments and References

Introduction

Many factors influence an architect's work related to building design and construction contract administration. In addition to architectural design, an architect must be aware of and conversant in site, structural, mechanical, and electrical design. He or she must also be aware of the legal constraints, such as codes, laws, and regulations, and of the many industry standards that influence design and construction. An architect must also be knowledgeable and conversant in the production of construction documents and must understand the means and methods used in constructing buildings. He or she must understand the construction process and be able to render an architect's services during the construction phase of a building project regardless of the construction contract type or employment by the owner of a construction manager. He or she must understand the financial constraints on building construction and be able to design within those constraints. And in all of these, an architect must not be just a jack-of-all-trades; he or she must be a master of them all.

This chapter covers facets of the building design and construction process that a professional must understand to be able to carry out an architect's responsibilities in the design and construction of buildings. The chapter also addresses the function of a construction manager in the construction process and the architect's relationship to a construction manager. Chapters 2 through 22 address construction materials and methods of design and construction of which an architect must be knowledgeable. Chapter 23 addresses the fundamental properties of materials. Chapter 24 describes the metric system of measurement.

The first five parts of this chapter discuss some of the many factors affecting building design.

Sections 1.6, 1.7, and 1.8 discuss the services architects provide related to a building construction project. The American Institute of Architects (AIA) has divided an architect's services into the categories basic and additional.

Basic services are those included in standard services contracts developed by AIA and included in the architect's basic fee for services.

Additional services are optional and are performed only when agreed to by the architect and the owner, with additional compensation to the architect.

Following the flow of a project from conception to the completion of the warranty period (one year after construction completion), an architect's services can be broken down into predesign services, design services, construction services, postconstruction services, and supplemental services.

Predesign services are additional services. They include such acts as programming, existing facilities studies, project budgeting, and site analysis.

Basic services include design and construction services. Design services are further broken down into schematic design, design development (a further refinement of schematic design documents), and construction documents services.

Construction services include services performed during the bidding and negotiation phase and those performed during the construction contract administration phase.

Postconstruction services are additional services performed after substantial completion of the building. They include such acts as maintenance and operational programming, record drawings, start-up assistance, and warranty review.

Supplemental services are additional services. They include such items as renderings, models, life cycle cost analysis, quantity surveys, graphic design, and many others.

Section 1.9 addresses the function of a construction manager related to a construction project and a construction manager's relationships to the owner, the architect, and the contractor.

Applicable MasterFormatTM Sections

The following MasterFormatTM 2010 Update Level 2 sections are applicable to this chapter.

00 11 00 Advertisements and Invitations

00 21 00 Instructions

00 22 00 Supplementary Instructions

00 23 00 Procurement Definitions

00 24 00 Procurement Scopes

00 25 00 Procurement Meetings

00 26 00 Procurement Substitution Procedures

00 31 00 Available Project Information

00 41 00 Bid Forms

00 42 00 Proposal Forms

00 43 00 Procurement Form Supplements

00 45 00 Representations and Certifications

00 51 00 Notice of Award

00 52 00 Agreement Forms

00 54 00 Agreement Form Supplements

00 55 00 Notice to Proceed

00 61 00 Bond Forms

00 62 00 Certificates and Other Forms

00 63 00 Clarification and Modification Forms

00 65 00 Closeout Forms

00 71 00 Contracting Definitions

00 72 00 General Conditions

00 73 00 Supplementary Conditions

00 91 00 Precontract Revisions

00 93 00 Record Clarifications and Proposals

00 94 00 Record Modifications

01 11 00 Summary of Work

01 12 00 Multiple Contract Summary

01 14 00 Work Restrictions

01 18 00 Project Utility Sources

01 21 00 Allowances

01 22 00 Unit Prices

01 23 00 Alternates

01 24 00 Value Analysis

01 25 00 Substitution Procedures

01 26 00 Contract Modification Procedures

01 29 00 Payment Procedures

01 31 00 Project Management and Coordination

01 32 00 Construction Progress Documentation

01 33 00 Submittal Procedures

01 35 00 Special Procedures

01 41 00 Regulatory Requirements

01 42 00 References

01 43 00 Quality Assurance

01 45 00 Quality Control

01 51 00 Temporary Utilities

01 52 00 Construction Facilities

01 53 00 Temporary Construction

01 54 00 Construction Aids

01 55 00 Vehicular Access and Parking

01 56 00 Temporary Barriers and Enclosures

01 57 00 Temporary Controls

01 58 00 Project Identification

01 61 00 Common Product Requirements

01 62 00 Product Options

01 64 00 Owner-Furnished Products

01 65 00 Product Delivery Requirements

01 66 00 Product Storage and Handling Requirements

01 71 00 Examination and Preparation

01 73 00 Execution

01 74 00 Cleaning and Waste Management

01 75 00 Starting and Adjusting

01 76 00 Protecting Installed Construction

01 77 00 Closeout Procedures

01 78 00 Closeout Submittals

01 79 00 Demonstration and Training

01 80 00 Performance Requirements

01 91 00 Commissioning

01 92 00 Facility Operation

01 93 00 Facility Maintenance

01 94 00 Facility Decommissioning

1.1 Building Design

An architect's first and primary contractual responsibility related to building construction is design. Building design requires training, experience, an aesthetic sense, and an understanding of certain basic principles. Among these principles are (1) the objectives good design should strive for, (2) an architect's responsibilities related to design, (3) basic building use and shape types, and (4) available construction systems and methods.

1.1.1 DESIGN OBJECTIVES

An architect's primary design objective should be to produce buildings that serve their intended purpose and that permit the activities that take place in them to proceed with appropriate dispatch and ease. They should be efficient in their use and operation. In addition, commercial buildings should be capable of producing a profit.

An architect's buildings should be of good-quality construction, and should be able to be built at as low a cost as is practicable. An architect's designs should produce individual buildings that are aesthetically pleasing and that do not diminish the beauty of or reduce the quality of the natural environment around them. They should also produce the most practicable conservation of energy and the least practicable degradation of the environment.

1.1.1.1 Environmental Considerations

In addition to his or her responsibility to the public as defined by law and ethical considerations, an architect bears a responsibility to protect and maintain the environment. One factor in fulfilling this responsibility is to design buildings for sustainability, as discussed in Section 1.5. But protecting the environment goes far beyond designing green buildings. It also entails consideration of how a building works and how it fits into its environment. This concern must be considered not just for the present, but also throughout the life of the building.

A building should be designed so that it fits within its site and does not overpower the environment. Fitting is accomplished by placing and orientating building elements to take the best advantage of sun angles, site features, and prevailing weather patterns such as wind. Where practicable, earth-sheltered design and passive solar design can be used to reduce heating and cooling loads on a building. Refer to Section 16.6 for a discussion of solar heating and cooling.

Whenever possible, buildings should be sited so as to preserve as much of the existing vegetation and land features as is practicable. Means should also be provided to assure the protection of existing preservable vegetation and land features, such as wetlands and waterways, from damage during construction.

Where possible, construction waste should be reduced to the smallest amount possible, which can be aided by selecting materials that have little waste and by employing off-site prefabrication of building elements. Debris and waste should be recycled where possible, preferably on the construction site.

Most jurisdictions require the prevention of st...