In this part . . .
Chapter 1
Everything You Know Is Wrong
In This Chapter
Believing the unbelievable: The age of conspiracy theories and secret societies
Figuring out whatâs worth believing
Touring the world, one conspiracy at a time
Journalist H. L. Mencken once said, âThe most costly of all follies is to believe passionately in the palpably not true. It is the chief occupation of mankind.â
A conspiracy theory is the idea that someone, or a group of someones, acts secretly, with the goal of achieving power, wealth, influence, or other benefit. It can be as small as two petty thugs conspiring to stickup a liquor store, or as big as a group of revolutionaries conspiring to take over their countryâs government. Individuals, corporations, churches, politicians, military leaders, and entire governments can all be conspirators, in plots as evil as secretly developing nuclear weapons, as creepy as smuggling stolen human transplant organs, or as annoying as cornering the market on neighborhood $4-coffee joints.
The conspiracy theory is absolutely inseparable from the secret society. They go together like Minneapolis and St. Paul. Face it: Everyone hates secrets. You didnât like it when the kids kept secrets from you in gym class, and youâve never gotten over it. Neither have we.
Secret societies are the repositories of the hidden knowledge that spins the conspiracy theory. But the term secret society covers a lot of ground â everything from college fraternities and the lodge your grandpa belonged to, to the lesser known, powerful groups that stay out of the eyes of the press, like the Bilderbergers, the Council on Foreign Relations, and the legendary Illuminati (if they really exist at all).
This chapter begins the process of teaching you how to tell the truth from the manure, at least where conspiracy theories and secret societies are concerned. Throughout this book, we also set out to simplify what at least sounds staggeringly confusing. We clarify conspiracy theories that are coming at you from all sides nowadays on everything from the Mafia running the Vatican to aliens landing in New Mexico (or is it the aliens in the Vatican and the Mafia in New Jersey?). Consider this chapter your warm-up exercise!
Living in the Age of Conspiracy Theories and Secret Societies
The popularity of the conspiracy theory as a way of explaining society and world events is a pretty recent phenomena, a product of the time since the French Revolution of 1789, which was the first real marriage of paranoia and the printing press. But itâs just within the last 40 years that the philosophy of conspiracism has become like a wall of noise, an assault on the collective consciousness, and the most common way to explain complex world events. In many respects, conspiracies are a way of simplifying history into good and bad, right and wrong.
A conspiracy theory is a way of looking at a single event and postulating that maybe thereâs a lot more to it than can be seen on the surface, with darker forces behind the whole thing. Conspiracism expands on this, becoming an entire philosophy, as a way of viewing the world. For the professional conspiracist, a person who studies the conspiracies, there isnât much going on in the world that doesnât have darker forces behind it, from the price of a gallon of gasoline to the three ounces of hand lotion you canât ever seem to extract from the bottom of a 16-ounce bottle. Of course, in a way, even the term conspiracism is too respectable to apply to much of what is floating around the Internet and the tabloids these days. Since the middle of the last century, academic, postmodernist researchers have found it fashionable to refer to all psychological states and moods in German. Itâs a Sigmund Freud thing. Author Thom Burnett in the Conspiracy Encyclopedia (2005, Chamberlain Bros.) points out that the Germans have a great term, Verschworungsmythos, which means Conspiracy Myth, and in many ways, it has lots to recommend it as a descriptive label.
âPerhaps the conspiracy world is an updated version of ancient myths,â Burnett says, âwhere monsters and the gods of Olympus and Valhalla have been replaced by aliens and the Illuminati of Washington and Buckingham Palace.â In other words, the new wave of jitters over conspiracies and secret societies has beaten up the zeitgeist with their weltschmerz over weltpolitik (the spirit of our times has had the crap kicked out of it by anxiety over global domination). See, we can do the German thing too. Gesundheit.
What makes the study of conspiracy theories and secret societies unusual is, when boiled down to their most common elements, the overwhelming majority have grown or been adapted from the same few original sources. Historian Daniel Pipes has said that almost all conspiracy theories have as their origin the same two boogeymen â Jews and secret societies, most notably the Freemasons. They have simply been recycled and renamed, again and again, as events have transpired over the last 250 years.
For example, if you take almost any conspiracy about the Jews from the 19th century, and erase âJewsâ and substitute âmilitary-industrial complexâ or âneocons,â you find that very same theory in dozens of books and on hundreds of Web sites about the sinister forces behind the 9/11 âconspiracy.â In many ways, it shows a criminal lack of originality. On the other hand, conspiracists would claim, plots around the world and the evildoers who engage in them havenât changed much over the centuries. Theyâve only gotten more ambitious.
Whatâs Worth Scrutinizing, and Whatâs Not
Between books, the Internet, and cable television, the average American comes into contact with a lot of ideas that are no longer sifted through âestablished media.â A bigger and bigger chunk of these ideas challenges the status quo â the beliefs of stodgy academics and of society in general. Such thoughts also assert that organizations, from the government to the Illuminati (see Chapter 11), are in cahoots to make sure that no one yet knows the truth. But just because an appealing idea comes from the âalternativeâ media instead of the mouths of TV anchors or White House spokesmen doesnât always make it true.
As professional conspiracists write book after book, raking in the money faster than they can count it, most care very little about the confusion and fear they leave behind. Internet Web-meisters who peddle this stuff care even less. But we care about it, a lot. Donât fear â you can acquire the skills you need to digest it all and discern the information. In Chapter 2, in particular, we help you decide between information thatâs worth paying attention to and information you should ignore, and why.
Connecting the dots
Thereâs a very important point about exploring conspiracy theories. It is not enough to just lay out facts or events, like dots on a page, and scream âaha!â at the mere âfact,â for example, that over 100 people âinvolvedâ in the assassination of John F. Kennedy are dead. âInvolvedâ often meaning as little as they were standing in the crowd in Dallas. Itâs been almost 40 years, and of the thousands of people peripherally involved in the case, itâs not a big shock for more than 100 of them to have died. Now, if 75 of them had been wrapped in plastic and duct tape and dumped into a Dallas reservoir, you might have something.
The point we are making is that a box fu...