Ottoman Empire and European Theatre Vol. II
eBook - ePub

Ottoman Empire and European Theatre Vol. II

The Time of Joseph Haydn: From Sultan Mahmud I to Mahmud II (r.1730-1839)

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eBook - ePub

Ottoman Empire and European Theatre Vol. II

The Time of Joseph Haydn: From Sultan Mahmud I to Mahmud II (r.1730-1839)

About this book

The Time of Joseph Haydn: From Sultan Mahmud I to Sultan Mahmud II (r.1730-1839), the second volume of Ottoman Empire and European Theatre, explores the relationship between Western playwrights, composers and visual artists of the eighteenth-century and Turkish-Ottoman culture, as well as the interest of Ottoman artists in European culture. Twenty-seven contributions by renowned experts shed light on the mutual influences that affected society and art for both Europeans and Ottomans. Successor to the first volume of the series, The Age of Mozart and Sultan Selim III (1756-1808), this book examines the compositions of Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) and his contemporaries along with events in the Ottoman political era during the time span from Sultan Mahmud I (b.1696, r.1730-1754) to Sultan Mahmud II (b.1785, r.1808-1839). Taking Haydn's Türkenopern ('Turkish operas') Lo speziale (1768) and L'incontro improvviso (1775) as the departure point, the articles collected in this publication reflect the growth of research in the area of cultural transfers between the Ottoman Empire and non-Ottoman Europe, as expressed in theatre, music and the visual arts.Contributions by: Emre Arac?, Annemarie Bönsch, Reinhard Buchberger, Bertrand Michael Buchmann, Necla Ç?k?gil, Caryl Clark, Matthew Head, Caroline Herfert, Bent Holm, Michael Hüttler, Hans-Peter Kellner, Adam Mestyan, Isabelle Moindrot, Walter Puchner, Günsel Renda, Geoffrey Roper, Orlin Sabev, Çet?n Sar?kartal, Käthe Springer-Dissmann, Suna Suner, Frances Trollope, Hans Ernst Weidinger, Daniel Winkler, Larry Wolff, Mehmet Alaaddin Yalç?nkaya, Netice Y?ld?z, Clemens Zoidl.

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Yes, you can access Ottoman Empire and European Theatre Vol. II by Michael Hüttler, Hans Ernst Weidinger in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Media & Performing Arts & Music History & Criticism. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
INTERMEZZO III

A ROYALS’ JOURNEY IN 1775: THE VIENNA OFFICIAL PRESS REVIEW

CLEMENS ZOIDL (VIENNA)

The Royal Journey we are going to follow is the one undertaken by Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus of Austria (1754–1806), Governor of the Duchy of Milan, and his wife, princess Maria Beatrice d’Este (1750–1829).
The two were one of the high-ranking couples: Ferdinand of Habsburg-Lorraine was the fourteenth child and fourth son of Emperor Francis I Stephen (b.1708, r.1745–1765), Duke of Lorraine and Grandduke of Tuscany, and his wife Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Bohemia and Apostolic Queen of Hungary (b.1717, r.1740–1780); Maria Beatrice was the daughter of Ercole III of Modena and Reggio (1727–1803, r.1780–1796) and his wife Maria Teresa Cybò-Malaspina (b.1725, r.1731–1790), Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara in her own right. Maria Beatrice was the last sprout of one of Italy’s oldest dynasties – from her father’s side she was heiress to the Duchies of Modena and Reggio in Northern Italy; from her mother’s, to the Duchy of Massa and Principality of Carrara at the shore of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
The two got married in Milan on 15 October 1771, and the festivities included a Serenata teatrale on the evening of 17 October in the Teatro ducale: Ascanio in Alba by Giuseppe Parini (1729–1799), with music composed by the then fifteen-year-old Wolfgang Amadé Mozart (1756–1791).
When Ferdinand and Maria Beatrice accepted an invitation to the Imperial court in Vienna in 1775, newspapers all over Europe made sure to keep readers informed of their current whereabouts. They left Milan on 27 June and reached the Imperial Court in its summer residence, the Castle of Laxenburg south of Vienna, on 9 July; after more than three months, they left Vienna on 17 October and were back in Milan on 7 November.
Along their travel route they visited cities in Northern Italy (Mantua and, on the way back, Trieste and Venice) and in Austria around Vienna (Wiener Neustadt, Pressburg/Poszony/Bratislava, Ödenburg/Sopron and various smaller towns). There were many festivities in honour of the noble couple, and the most opulent of them lasted three days (from 28 August evening until 1 September early morning). It was held during their visit to Prince Nikolaus I Esterházy (1714–1790), residing in his castle Esterház (close to the village of Fertöd in Western Hungary). For this occasion Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) was commissioned by his princely patron to compose the music for a new opera, L’incontro improvviso (‘The unexpected encounter’), to an Italian libretto on a Turkish subject written by an Austrian, the singer Carl Friberth (Friebert, Frieberth, Friedberg; 1736–1816), also engaged to the Esterházy court. But when the opera was premiered on the 29th of August, it was considered just one of many attractions in the course of this visit.
The most important newspaper in Vienna, the Wienerisches Diarium (founded 1703, from 1781 to today published under the name of Wiener Zeitung), gave extensive reports of Ferdinand and Beatrice’s journey and the festivities held for them. They provide a good impression of this journey and its events, even from today’s perspective, almost a quarter millennium after they occurred.
What hampers today’s understanding, however, is that the newspaper articles, being written for their contemporaries, provide no information whatsoever on matters deemed to be common knowledge, e.g. certain people and their standing in social and political hierarchies, details of various cities (buildings, city-gates, quarters, etc.), regional differences in time metering, measurements of distance or weight, monetary values, and so on. This applies to many of their shared values as well – basic concepts of viewing and understanding the (social) world, which connected the authors of the newspaper articles with their contemporary readers and ensured that the information was understood adequately. For modern readers, this common knowledge is long forgotten.
In documenting Ferdinand and Maria Beatrice’s journey, I was struck by the differences between our day and the time of these reports in the Wienerisches Diarium. The articles were meant to provide the most recent news, not to be a source for historical research. Therefore, the following documentary does not simply reproduce the published reports; it also attempts to provide information on all the areas that are no longer common knowledge, by including information as it was available then – encyclopedic works of reference, travelogues, historiographical works, compendia, diaries, letters, etc. It was not always possible to find perfectly contemporary sources, but I have introduced as many items as possible, which stay close to the time of the events, at least within the lifespan of the traveling Highnesses; only when there was no account from that time frame did I expand the range of period sources.
This documentary aims to give the full report of Ferdinand and Maria Beatrice’s journey as it was published in the Wienerisches Diarium, from Milan to Vienna and Esterház (which Haydn in his letters spelled “Estoraß” and the Wienerisches DiariumEsdras”, both as it was pronounced) and back again, enhanced with contextual information, as well as to unfold the rich panorama of the coeval historic context of Haydn’s opera L’incontro improvviso. Since the Wienerisches Diarium was the official newspaper conceived for Vienna and its German-speaking readers, I focussed on contemporary information in that language, resulting in a text consisting almost entirely of German citations. My own additions and explanations are also in that language, to facilitate reading for those who already understand the sources’ texts.

DOKUMENTATION DER REISE VON ERZHERZOG FERDINAND KARL VON ÖSTERREICH-ESTE UND MARIA BEATRICE D’ESTE IM JAHR 1775

Der folgende Beitrag enthält die Zusammenstellung aller Berichte im Wienerischen Diarium zur gemeinsamen Reise der „Mayländer Hoheiten“ von Juni bis November 1775. Vorangestellt wurden die Berichte zur Hochzeit von Erzherzog Ferdinand (1754–1806) und Maria Beatrice d’Este (1750–1829) im Jahr 1771 und zu einem der Reise unmittelbar vorangehenden Treffen von Joseph II. und Erzherzog Ferdinand in Venedig. Die Transkription aller Zitate erfolgte streng nach den Quellen.

PROLOG: HOCHZEIT AM 15. OKTOBER 1771

Mailand, 25. September 1771 – Bericht von den Vorbereitungen zur Hochzeit

„Mayland, den 25. Herbstmont.
Letzten Mittwochs langten aus Wien verschiedene adeliche Leibgardisten, wie nicht minder die erzherzogliche sogenannte Gard de Palais, oder Haußwache, auf vielen Wägen allhier1 an. Ihre kaiserl. königl. apost. Majestät2 haben eine beträchtliche Summe Geldes zur Ausstattung vieler Mädchens aus hiesigem Kirchspiele3 allergnädigst anzuschaffen geruhet, und werden diesem allerhöchsten Befehl zufolge einer jeden dieser Mädchens 150 Lire mitgetheilet werden. Es ist dieserwegen an alle Obrigkeiten der verschiedene Oerter, wo dergleichen auszustattende Bräute aufgezeichnet sind, der Befehl ergangen, diesen Mädchens zu bedeuten, daß sie noch vor dem 15ten künftigen Weinmonats heurathen, und dann in Bereitschaft seyn sollen mit ihren Männern in der Hauptstadt zu erscheinen, weil aus allerhöchster landesfürstlicher Milde für dieselben ein eigenes öffentliches Gastmal angestellet werden solle. Gestern wurde von unserm löbl. sogenannten Tribunale di Provisione eine feyerliche dreytägige Andacht in unser lieben Frauenkirche bey St. Celsus4 angestellet, um von dem Allerhöchsten fur des durchl. Erzherzogs königl. Hoheit eine glückliche Anherreise zu erflehen.
Eben gestern hätte aus gleicher Absicht ein feyerlicher Umgang mit Zuziehung des sämmlichen hießigen weltlich= und regulirten Clerus, und aller Magistratsstellen aus der Domkirche nacher St. Ambrosius5 vor sich gehen sollen, ein eingefallenes Regenwetter hat aber diese öffentliche Andacht verhindert, so daß selbe nur in der Domkirche gehalten worden. Dieser Proceßion haben zum erstenmal 2. Kapituln, und einige regulirte Ordensgemeinden, die bis nunzu vermög ihrer habenden Privilegien von dergleichen öffentlichen Handlungen sich immer ausnahmen, beygewohnet, und haben auch darunter sich befunden, die P. P. Theatiner6, die Jesuiten7, die Piaristen8, die Somascher9, und die Barnabiten10.“11

Mantua, 9. Oktober 1771 – Erzherzog Ferdinand wird in Castelnuovo empfangen

„Mantua den 10. Weinm.
Verflossenen Sonntags kamen seine Excellenz Herr Graf von Firmian12, gevollmächtigter Minister von der österreichischen Lombardie, und unser Vicegouverneur, allhier13 an; er wurde den Morgen darauf von der hiesigen Officialität, dem Ministerio und dem gesamten Adel bewillkommet, und von unserem Stadcommandanten, Herrn Feldmarschalllieutenant, Grafen Montoya de Cordona, mit Zuziehung vieler vornehmen Gäste, zu Mittag auf das herrlichste bewirthet. Ein gleiches geschah den darauf gefolgten Dienstag eben daselbst, wobey auch der Herr Feldmarschall, Graf von Serbelloni14, Generalcommandant der österreichischen Lombardie, welcher diesen Tag Frühe aus Mayland allhier eintraf, zugegen war. Gestern Frühe verfügte sich erwehnter bevollmächtigter Menister nacher Castelnuovo15, welches auch der Tags vorher allhier angelangte Herr Graf von Durazzo16, kais. königl. Bottschafter bey der Republick Venedig, that, um daselbst seiner königlichen Hoheit dem durchlauchtigsten Erzherzogen Ferdinand, königlichen Prinzen von Hungarn und Böheim, unserem Gouverneur und Generalcapitain der österreichischen Lombardie, höchstwelche an eben diesem Morgen von Alla17 daselbst eintraffen, ihre unterthänigste Bewillkommungscomplimente abzustatten. Sobald höchstgedacht seine königliche Hoheit an den Gränzen hiesiger Staaten angekommen waren, stiegen höchstdieselben von dero Leibwagen, und geruheten die Abgesandten der hiesigen Tribunäle auf das huldreicheste zu empfangen; welche Deputirte aus folgenden Personen bestanden: nämlich die Herren Franz Anton Tamburini, und Jacob Benintendi, obriste Justitzräthe, die Herren Jacob Ludwig Sartorio, und Graf Alphons Bermudez, Questores von der hiesigen Hofkammer, und die Herren Marcheße Ferdinand Cauriani und Hieronimus Guerrieri, die zween wirklich regierende adeliche Dekurionen der hiesigen bürgerlichen Congregation, welche alle von seiner Excellenz dem Herrn Grafen von Firmian, welcher mit dem Hn. Marcheß Franz Maria Riva, wirklich= kaiserlich= königlichen Kämmerer, an deren Spitze tratt, seiner königlichen Hoheit aufgeführet wurden. Von gedachten Gränzen, woselbst auch oberwähnter Herr Feldmarschall sich eingefunden hatte, erhoben sich seine königliche Hoheit gestern Nachmittags, unter Begleitung zweyer Schwadronen von dem löblich hungarischen Regimente Uihazy, nach hiesiger Hauptstadt, durch die sogenannte Porta Molina18, vor welchem Thore ein Corps national Cavallerie paradirte, der Herr Obristlieutenant von Kreidt, hiesiger Platzmajor, ritte seiner königlichen Hoheit ein Stück Wegs entgegen, und begleitete sodann den Leibwagen bis in die Stadt. Gegen 24 Uhr erfolgte endlich der Einzug seiner königlichen Hoheit, unter Begleitung des nämlichen Staats, wie höchstdieselben von Wien abgereiset waren, das häufig herbey geeilte Volk brach bey Erblickung dieses liebenswürdigsten Prinzens in ein Wonnevolles Jubelgeschr...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Preliminary Matter
  3. Title
  4. Copyright
  5. ABBREVIATIONS
  6. REMARKS
  7. OUVERTURE
  8. PROLOGUE: POLITICS
  9. ACT I: FASHION AND DIPLOMACY
  10. INTERMEZZO I
  11. ACT II: BOOKS IN AND ABOUT THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
  12. INTERMEZZO II
  13. ACT III: THE ESTERHÁZ STAGE
  14. INTERMEZZO III
  15. ACT IV: THE FRENCH INFLUENCE
  16. INTERMEZZO IV
  17. ACT V: THE OTTOMAN STAGE
  18. EPILOGUE
  19. APPENDIX