PLATE I.
FIGURE 1.
Head of the European. Facial angle, from 80° to 90°.
FIGURE 1 bis.
Head of the European, viewed in profile.
FIGURE 2.
Chinese Head. Facial angle, from 70° to 80°.
FIGURE 2 bis.
Chinese Head, viewed in profile.
FIGURE 3.
Head of the Negro of Guinea. Facial angle, from 60° to 75°.
FIGURE 3 bis.
Head of the Negro of Guinea, viewed in profile.
FIGURE 4.
Head of the Caraïb. Facial angle, from 60° to 70°.
FIGURE 4 bis.
Caraïb Head, viewed in profile.
NOTES.
The first plate contains eight lithographic engravings of the skeleton of the head and face, in four of the leading varieties, or races of men. In all these races, the female head, not represented here, differs from the male head; but most perhaps in the European. Although the skeleton of the head, and more especially that of the face, can afford to the artist but imperfect ideas of the actual form of the human face, when clothed with all its soft structures and animated with life and intelligence, it may yet be a useful exercise for the artist to draw these forms pretty frequently, in order to obtain correct notions of the osseous structures forming the basis, as it were, of the wonderful superstructure raised upon them. It will enable him also to judge more accurately of the relative proportions of the face to the cranium; of the very peculiar setting on of the face in the dark races of men, &c. The great size of the upper jawbones and malar or cheek bones in the dark races, even in the Mongolian and Hindoo, will not escape his observation; this peculiarity being not at all confined to the Negro and affiliated races, as has been very generally supposed. The Caraïb Head may be taken as the type, somewhat exaggerated, of the Aboriginal Race of America. On all convenient occasions, the artistic student ought to compare these drawings with the heads themselves. Most Museums contain the actual specimens. In a word, let the student recollect that in drawing these heads, he is sketching dead farms, not seen in living nature, and, as I have already explained, not intended to be seen; and that these forms, if they deserve the name, have but meagre relations to the grander exterior forms with which Nature clothes and conceals the internal anatomy from human sight.
PLATE II.
FIGURE 1.
1. Frontal bone.
2. Parietal bone.
3. Temporal bone.
4. Occipital bone.
5. Malar, or cheek bone.
6. Superior maxillary, or upper jaw bone.
7. Bones of the nose.
8. Inferior maxillary, or lower jaw bone.
9. Last cervical vertebra, or bone of the neck.
10. Clavicle, or collar bone.
11. Scapula, or shoulder blade.
12. Sternum, or breast bone.
13. First rib.
14. Seventh rib.
15. Twelfth rib.
16. Twelfth dorsal vertebra
17. Fifth lumbar vertebra.
18. Sacrum.
19. Coccyx.
20. Iliac bone.
21. Humerus, or arm bone.
22. Cubit or ulna.
23. Radius.
24. Carpus, or carpal bones ; eight in number.
25. Metacarpus, or metacarpal bones ; five in number.
26. Phalanges, or bones of the fingers ; fourteen in number.
27. Femur.
28. Rotula.
29. Tibia.
30. Perone, or fibula.
31. Tarsus, or tarsal bones; seven in number.
32. Metatarsus, or metatarsal bones ; five in number.
33. Phalanges of the toes; fourteen in number.
NOTES.
FIGURE 1.
In the engraving, No. 19, which should mark the coccyx, has been omitted; but the student may readily ascertain the situation of the coccygeal bones, which follow the sacrum as a direct continuation of the great column of the back. The figures 20 ...
