Budge's Egypt

A Classic 19th-Century Travel Guide

E. A. Wallis Budge

• Publisher: Dover Publications
• Year: 2012
• Print ISBN: 9780486417219
• eBook ISBN: 9780486149530
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: Egyptian Ancient History
• Index: History

Focusing on the monuments on either side of the Nile, the author describes Egyptians, their writing, religion and gods, plus historic locales and objects: Alexandria, Cairo, the Rosetta Stone, the pyramids, the Sphinx; the statue of Rameses II, the temples at Luxor and Karnak, major sites where royal mummies were discovered, and more.

HISTORICAL SUMMARY.

ANCIENT EMPIRE.

Dynasty I, from This, or Thinis.

B.C.

4400.

, the first human king of Egypt, founded Memphis, having turned aside the course of the Nile, and established a temple service there.

4366.

, wrote a book on anatomy, and continued buildings at Memphis.

4266.

esep-ti. Some papyri state that the 64th Chapter of the Book of the Dead was written in his time.

Dynasty II, from Memphis.

4133. Bet′au, in whose reign an earthquake swallowed up many people at Bubastis.

4100. Kakau, in whose days the worship of Apis at Memphis, and that of Mnevis at Heliopolis, was continued.

4066. Ba-en-neter, in whose days, according to John of Antioch, the Nile flowed with honey for eleven days. During the reign of this king the succession of females to the throne of Egypt was declared valid.

4000. Sent. The sepulchral stele of one of this king’s priests is preserved at Oxford.

Dynasty III, from Memphis.

——. Nefer-ka-Seker, in whose reign an eclipse appears to be mentioned.

Dynasty IV, from Memphis.

B.C.

3766. Seneferu. Important contemporaneous monuments of this king exist. During his reign the copper mines of Wâdi Ma‘arah were worked.

3733. Chufu (Cheops), who fought with the people of Sinai ; he built the first pyramid of Gîzeh.

3666. Ch

-f-R

(Chephren), the builder of the second pyramid at Gîzeh.

3633. Men-kau-R

(Mycerinus), the builder of the third pyramid at Gîzeh. The fragments of his coffin are in the British Museum. Some copies of the Book of the Dead say that the 64th chapter of that work was compiled during the reign of this king.

Dynasty V, from Elephantine.

3366.

e

-ka-R

. The Precepts of Pta

-

etep were written during the reign of this king.

3333.

, whose pyramid at Sa

ârah was explored in 1881.

Dynasty VI, from Memphis.

3266.

, the builder of a pyramid at Sa

ârah.

3233. Pepi-meri-R

, the builder of a pyramid at Sa

ârah.

3200. Mer-en-R

.

3166. Nefer-ka-R

.

3133 (?).

(Nitocris), “the beautiful woman with rosy cheeks.”

Nefer-ka.

Nefer-Se

. . . .

.

Nefer-kau-R

.

Charthi.

3033. Nefer-ka-R

.

3000. Nefer-ka-R

-Nebi.

2966.

e

-ka-R

-. . . . .

2933. Nefer-ka-R

-Chen

u.

2900. Mer-en-

eru.

2866. Se-nefer-ka-R

.

2833. Ka-en-R

.

2800. Nefer-ka-R

-Tererl.

2766. Nefer-ka-R

-Heru.

2733. Nefer-ka-R

Pepi Seneb.

2700. Nefer-ka-R

-

nnu.

2633. Nefer-kau-R

.

2600. Nefer-kau-

eru.

2533.

.¹⁰

Dynasty XI, from Diospolis, or Thebes.

From the time of Nitocris to

I. Egyptian history is nearly a blank. The names of a large number of kings who ruled during this period are known, but they cannot, at present, be arranged in exact chronological order.

2500. Se-

nch ka-R

. This king is known to us through an inscription at Hamamât, which states that he sent an expedition to the land of Punt; this shows that at that early date an active trade must have been carried on across the Arabian desert between Egypt and Arabia. The other kings of the XIth dynasty bore the names of

,

,

,

, and Mentu-

etep. Se-

nch-ka-R

appears to have been the immediate predecessor of the XIIth dynasty.

MIDDLE EMPIRE.

Dynasty XII, from Diospolis, or Thebes.

B.C.

2466.

I. ascended the throne of Egypt after hard fighting; he conquered the Uaua, a Libyan tribe that lived near Korosko in Nubia, and wrote a series of instructions for his son Usertsen I. The story of Senehet was written during this reign.

2433. Usertsen I. made war against the tribes of Ethiopia; he erected granite obelisks and built largely at Heliopolis.

2400.

II. Chnemu-

etep, son of

, whose tomb is at Beni-hasân, lived during the reign of this king.

2366. Usertsen II.

2333. Usertsen III.

2300.

III. During this king’s reign special attention was paid to the rise of the Nile, and canals were dug and sluices made for irrigating the country ; in this reign the famous Lake Moeris, in the district called by the Arabs El-Fayûm,¹¹ was built. The rise of the Nile was marked on the rocks at Semneh, about thirty-five miles above the second cataract, and the inscriptions are visible to this day.

2266.

IV.

2233. Dynasties XIII–XVII. The Hyksos Period.

According to Manetho these dynasties were as follows :—

Unfortunately there are no monuments whereby we can correct or modify these figures. The Hyksos appear to have made their way from the countries in and to the west of Mesopotamia into Egypt. They joined with their countrymen, who had already settled in the Delta, and were able to defeat the native kings ; it is thought that their rule lasted 500 years, and that Joseph arrived in Egypt towards the end of this period. The principal Hyksos kings of the XVIth ...

Table of contents

• DOVER BOOKS ON EGYPT
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• INTRODUCTION.
• PREFACE.
• Table of Contents
• NOTES FOR TRAVELLERS IN EGYPT. - EGYPTIAN HISTORY.
• HISTORICAL SUMMARY.
• LIST OF EGYPTIAN KINGS.
• INDEX.
• A CATALOG OF SELECTED DOVER BOOKS IN ALL FIELDS OF INTEREST