Five Graphic Music Analyses

Heinrich Schenker

• Publisher: Dover Publications
• Year: 2013
• eBook ISBN: 9780486317069
• Topic: Media & Performing Arts
• Subtopic: Classical Music

The concepts of theorist Heinrich Schenker offer a unique method of structural analysis that differentiates between harmonic and contrapuntal functions of chords, emphasizing the relative significance of all tones in terms of motion and direction in the achievement of organic tonal unity.
These sketches study the musical architecture of five compositions from three stylistic periods: two compositions by Bach — " Ich bin's, ich sollte büssen" from the St. Matthew Passion and the Prelude No. 1 in C Major from Book I of The Well-Tempered Clavier; the development section from the first movement of Haydn's Sonata for Piano in E-Flat Major; and two ètudes by Chopin — in F Major, Op. 10, No. 8, and in C Minor, Op. 10, No. 12. Each composition is analyzed in a series of sketches, with selective interpretations of chords, indications of voice leading, and other easily understood devices that demonstrate Schenker's theories and their expression.

GLOSSARY BY FELIX SALZER

abwärts (abw.)	descending
Achtel	eighth note
As	A-flat
aufwärts (aufw.)	ascending
Ausfaltung (Ausf.)	unfolding of intervals (horizontalization)
Auswicklung	gradual unfolding of an interval
B	B-flat
Brechung (Brech., Brch., Brechg.)	arpeggiation (of a chord or interval)
5-Brechung	arpeggiation of a fifth
Sextbrechung	arpeggiation of a sixth
3-Brechung	arpeggiation of a third
C—dur	C majo
Dehnung	extension
Dezimensatz	motion in tenths
Durchführung	development section
Durchgang (Dg.)	passing tone, or passing motion
Es—dur	E-flat major
F—dur	F major
Fis	F-sharp
Ges	G-flat
grössere Werte	larger note values
H	B-natural
Hintergrund	background, or remote level of musical structure
Höherlegung	transfer of register an octave (or several octaves) higher
Koppelung (Kopp.)	coupling (this implies transfer of register)
Mittelgrund (Mtg., Mittelgrd.)	middleground, or intermediate level of musical structure
Nebennote (Nbn.)	neighboring tone
Nebennotenharmonie (Nbhm., Nbnhm.)	neighboring harmony (or chord)
Oberdezime	tenth above the bass
Reprise	recapitulation
Schicht	structural level
Sept	seventh
Stufe	a harmony of functional significance
Takt(T)	measure, bar
Teiler (Tl.)	divider, or dividing V. Schenker applies this terms to V-chords having various functions. It is consistently used to identify the dominant that precedes an “interruption” (Unterbrechung) indicated in the graph by ||. Often, however, it indicates V-chords which prolong an underlying tonic. Thus Schenker uses the term “Teiler” for V-chords on various structural levels.
2-teilig	in two parts (sections)
4-teilig	in four parts (sections)
Übergreifstechnik, Übergreifzug (Übergf.)	Technique of shifting tones (often from an inner voice) above the upper voice
Untergreifzug	linear progression rising from a lower voice
Ursatz	fundamental structure, a progression presenting the ultimate structure of a tonal composition. It is the perfect realization of “tonality” expressed through the horizontalization, ...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Foreword
• Introduction
• Glossary
• Contents
• J. S. Bach
• J. S. Bach
• J. Haydn
• F. Chopin
• F. Chopin