
eBook - ePub
Selected "Pensees" and Provincial Letters/Pensees et Provinciales choisies
A Dual-Language Book
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- English
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eBook - ePub
Selected "Pensees" and Provincial Letters/Pensees et Provinciales choisies
A Dual-Language Book
About this book
Intended to convert religiously indifferent readers to Christianity, Pascal's Pensees were published posthumously to wide and ongoing acclaim. This selection of highlights from the Pensees focuses on their most secular aspects, including extensive coverage of the author's sensitive examination of human psychology and his much-appreciated epigrams. Pascal's Provincial Letters, written in 1656 and 1657 in support of the Jansenist cause, captivated a large audience (including opponents of the cause) with their satirical wit, righteous indignation, and effervescent style. This is the only dual-language edition available.
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Yes, you can access Selected "Pensees" and Provincial Letters/Pensees et Provinciales choisies by Blaise Pascal, Stanley Appelbaum in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Languages & Linguistics & French Language. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
Information
PENSĂES
La puissance des mouches, elles gagnent des batailles, empĂȘchent notre Ăąme dâagir, mangent notre corps. [LG 20, B 367, L 22]
La coutume de voir les rois accompagnĂ©s de gardes, de tambours, dâofficiers et de toutes les choses qui ploient la machine vers le respect et la terreur font que leur visage, quand il est quelquefois seul et sans ses accompagnements, imprime dans leurs sujets le respect et la terreur parce quâon ne sĂ©pare point dans la pensĂ©e leurs personnes dâavec leurs suites quâon y voit dâordinaire jointes; et le monde qui ne sait pas que cet effet vient de cette coutume croit quâil vient dâune force naturelle, et de lĂ viennent ces mots: le caractĂšre de la divinitĂ© est empreint sur son visage, etc. [LG 23, B 308, L 25]
On ne choisit pas pour gouverner un vaisseau celui des voyageurs qui est de la meilleure maison. [LG 28, B 320, L 30]
Les villes par oĂč on passe, on ne se soucie pas dây ĂȘtre estimĂ©. Mais quand on y doit demeurer un peu de temps, on sâen soucie. Combien de temps faut-il? Un temps proportionnĂ© Ă notre durĂ©e vaine et chĂ©tive. [LG 29, B 149, L 31]
Ce qui mâĂ©tonne le plus est de voir que tout le monde nâest pas Ă©tonnĂ© de sa faiblesse. On agit sĂ©rieusement et chacun suit sa condition, non pas parce quâil est bon en effet de la suivre puisque la mode en est, mais comme si chacun savait certainement oĂč est la raison et la justice. On se trouve déçu Ă toute heure, et par une plaisante humilitĂ© on croit que câest sa faute et non pas celle de lâart quâon se vante toujours dâavoir. Mais il est bon quâil y ait tant de ces gens-lĂ au monde qui ne soient pas pyrrhoniens pour la gloire du pyrrhonisme, afin de montrer que lâhomme est bien capable des plus extravagantes opinions puisquâil est capable de croire quâil nâest pas dans cette faiblesse naturelle et inĂ©vitable et de croire quâil est au contraire dans la sagesse naturelle.
PENSĂES (THOUGHTS)
The power of flying insects: they win battles, they prevent our soul from performing its duties, they eat our body.
The habit of seeing kings accompanied by guards, drummers, officers, and all those things which incline the automaton within us toward respect and terror, makes their mere face, when it sometimes appears alone without its accompaniments, instill respect and terror in their subjects, because their persons are not distinguished in the viewerâs mind from the retinue with which they are usually associated; and the general public, unaware that this is a result of habit, thinks that it emanates from some natural force; hence those expressions: âthe stamp of divinity is imprinted on his face,â and the like.
One does not choose as master of a vessel the man among the passengers who comes from the most distinguished family.
When you are merely passing through a town, you arenât concerned about being esteemed there. But when you are to live there for some time, that does concern you. How much time must be involved? An amount in ratio to the length of our vain, puny existence.
What amazes me most is to see that everyone isnât amazed at his own debility. People go about their tasks seriously, each one in accordance with his walk in life, not because itâs actually good to do so (seeing that thatâs the fashion), but as if each one knew for a fact where reason and justice lie. They are constantly disappointed, and out of a comical hu mility they think itâs their fault and not the fault of the skills they always boast of possessing. But itâs a good thing that there are so many such people in the world who arenât Pyrrhonists53 for the glory of Pyrrhonism, in order to show that man is quite capable of the most outlandish opinions, being capable of believing that he isnât so inevitably feeble by nature, and of believing that, on the contrary, he possesses natural wisdom.
53. Hardened skeptics in the areas of morality, epistemology, etc. The name is derived from the Greek philosopher Pyrrho (ca. 300 B.C.), whose actual thought was more specific than this.
Rien ne fortifie plus le pyrrhonisme que ce quâil y en a qui ne sont point pyrrhoniens. Si tous lâĂ©taient, ils auraient tort. Cette secte se fortifie par ses ennemis plus que par ses amis car la faiblesse de lâhomme paraĂźt bien davantage en ceux qui ne la connaissent pas quâen ceux qui la connaissent. [LG 31, B 374 & 376, L 33 & 34]
Qui ne voit pas la vanitĂ© du monde est bien vain lui-mĂȘme. Aussi qui ne la voit exceptĂ© de jeunes gens qui sont tous dans le bruit, dans le divertissement et dans la pensĂ©e de lâavenir? Mais ĂŽtez leur divertissement, vous les verrez se sĂ©cher dâennui. Ils sentent alors leur nĂ©ant sans le connaĂźtre, car câest bien ĂȘtre malheureux que dâĂȘtre dans une tristesse insupportable aussitĂŽt quâon est rĂ©duit Ă se considĂ©rer, et Ă nâen ĂȘtre point diverti. [LG 33, B 164, L 36]
Quelle vanitĂ© que la peinture qui attire lâadmiration pour la ressemblance des choses dont on nâadmire point les originaux! [LG 37, B 134, L 40]
Peu de chose nous console parce que peu de chose nous afflige. [LG 40, B 136, L 43]
Imagination.
Câest cette partie dominante dans lâhomme, cette maĂźtresse dâerreur et de faussetĂ©, et dâautant plus fourbe quâelle ne lâest pas toujours, car elle serait rĂšgle infaillible de vĂ©ritĂ© si elle lâĂ©tait infaillible du mensonge. Mais Ă©tant le plus souvent fausse, elle ne donne aucune marque de sa qualitĂ©, marquant du mĂȘme caractĂšre le vrai et le faux. Je ne parle pas des fous, je parle des plus sages, et câest parmi eux que lâimagination a le grand droit de persuader les hommes. La raison a beau crier, elle ne peut mettre le prix aux choses.
Nothing strengthens Pyrrhonism more than the fact that people exist who arenât Pyrrhonists. If everyone was one, theyâd be wrong. That sect is strengthened more by its enemies than by its friends, because the debility of man is much more evident in those unaware of it than in those who are aware.
Anyone who doesnât see the vanity of the world is vain himself. Besides, who fails to see it except young people, all of whom are embroiled in noise, distractions, and thoughts of the future? But take away their distractions and youâll see them wither away with boredom. Then they sense their nothingness without actually knowing it, because itâs quite unfortunate to suffer unbearable sorrow the minute youâre forced to contemplate yourself and not be at all entertained at the thought.
What a vanity painting is! It induces admiration for its lifelike rendering of things, the originals of which are not at all admired!
A trifle comforts us because a trifle saddens us.
Imagination.
Itâs that dominant element in man, that mistress of error and falsehood, all the more cunning because it isnât always cunning, since it would be an infallible indicator of truth if it were an infallible indicator of lies. But, being false most of the time, it gives no sign of its quality, stamping the true and the false with the same mark. Iâm not talking about madmen, Iâm talking about the wisest of us, and itâs among them that imagination has the extensive right to persuade others. Reason calls out in vain, itâs unable to set a value on things.
Cette superbe puissance ennemie de la raison, qui se plaĂźt Ă la contrĂŽler et Ă la dominer, pour montrer combien elle peut en toutes choses, a Ă©tabli dans lâhomme une seconde nature. Elle a ses heureux, ses malheureux, ses sains, ses malades, ses riches, ses pauvres. Elle fait croire, douter, nier la raison. Elle suspend les sens, elle les fait sentir. Elle a ses fous et ses sages. Et rien ne nous dĂ©pite davantage que de voir quâelle remplit ses hĂŽtes dâune satisfaction bien autrement pleine et entiĂšre que la raison. Les habiles par imagination se plaisent tout autrement Ă eux-mĂȘmes que les prudents ne se peuvent raisonnablement plaire. Ils regardent les gens avec empire. Ils disputent avec hardiesse et confiance, les autres avec crainte et dĂ©fiance, et cette gaĂźtĂ© de visage leur donne souvent lâavantage dans lâopinion des Ă©coutants, tant les sages imaginaires ont de faveur auprĂšs des juges de mĂȘme nature. Elle ne peut rendre sages les fous, mais elle les rend heureux, Ă lâenvi de la raison qui ne peut rendre ses amis que misĂ©rables, lâune le couvrant de gloire, lâautre de honte.
Qui dispense la rĂ©putation, qui donne le respect et la vĂ©nĂ©ration aux personnes, aux ouvrages, aux lois, aux grands, sinon cette facultĂ© imaginante? Toutes les richesses de la terre insuffisantes sans son consentement. Ne diriez-vous pas que ce magistrat dont la vieillesse vĂ©nĂ©rable impose le respect Ă tout un peuple se gouverne par une raison pure et sublime, et quâil juge des choses dans leur nature sans sâarrĂȘter Ă ces vaines circonstances qui ne blessent que lâimagination des faibles? Voyez-le entrer dans un sermon oĂč il apporte un zĂšle tout dĂ©vot, renforçant la soliditĂ© de sa raison par lâardeur de sa charitĂ©; le voilĂ prĂȘt Ă lâouĂŻr avec un respect exemplaire. Que le prĂ©dicateur vienne Ă paraĂźtre, si la nature lui a donnĂ© une voix enrouĂ©e et un tour de visage bizarre, que son barbier lâait mal rasĂ©, si le hasard lâa encore barbouillĂ© de surcroĂźt, quelques grandes vĂ©ritĂ©s quâil annonce, je parie la perte de la gravitĂ© de notre sĂ©nateur.
Le plus grand philosophe du monde sur une planche plus large quâil ne faut, sâil y a au-dessous un prĂ©cipice, quoique sa raison le convainque de sa sĂ»retĂ©, son imagination prĂ©vaudra. Plusieurs nâen sauraient soutenir la pensĂ©e sans pĂąlir et suer.
Je ne veux pas rapporter tous ses effets. Qui ne sait que la vue des chats, des rats, lâĂ©crasement dâun charbon, etc., emportent la raison hors des gonds? Le ton de voix impose aux plus sages et change un discours et un poĂšme de force. Lâaffection ou la haine changent la justice de face et combien un avocat bien payĂ© par avance trouve-t-il plus juste la cause quâil plaide! Combien son geste hardi la fait-il paraĂźtre meilleure aux juges dupĂ©s par cette apparence! Plaisante raison quâun vent manie et Ă tout sens. Je rapporterais presque toutes les actions des hommes qui ne branlent presque que par ses secousses. Car la raison a Ă©tĂ© obligĂ©e de cĂ©der, et la plus sage prend pour ses principes ceux que lâimagination des hommes a tĂ©mĂ©rairement introduits en chaque lieu.
This haughty power, inimical to reason and delighting in checking and dominating it, has established a second nature in man, to show how capable it is in every area. It has its own happy, unhappy, healthy, sick, rich, and poor adherents. It causes reason to be believed, doubted, denied. It suspends the operation of the senses, it makes them function. It has its madmen and its sages. And nothing vexes us more than to see it filling its guests with a contentment much fuller and more complete than reason does. Those clever in their imagination are much more pleased with themselves than circumspect men can be, relying on reason. They gaze on others imperiously. They argue boldly and confidently, the others fearfully and diffidently, and that cheerfulness of countenance often gives them the advantage in the opinion of listeners, such great favor do the sages of the imagination enjoy among judges of the same nature. It cannot make madmen wise, but it makes them happy, just the opposite of reason, which can only make its friends wretched; one covers its devotee with glory; the other, with shame.
What metes out reputation, what gives people, books, laws, grandees respect and veneration except that faculty of imagination? All the riches of the earth are insufficient without its consent. Wouldnât you say that the magistrate whose venerable age instills respect in an entire nation is governed by pure, sublime reason, and that he judges of things by their nature without dwelling on those frivolous circumstances which affect only the imagination of the weak? Watch him go to a church sermon, bringing a pious zeal, strengthening the solidity of his reason with the ardor of his Christian charity; watch him ready to hear it with exemplary respect. When the preacher makes his appearance, if nature has given him a hoarse voice and a strange cast of features, if his barber has shaved him badly, if, in addition, his face is accidentally smeared, no matter how powerful the truths he proclaims, Iâll wager that our magistrate loses his gravity.
If the greatest philosopher in the world crosses a precipice, even on a board more than wide enough, his imagination will prevail even though his reason convinces him heâs safe. Many people couldnât even bear the thought of it without turning pale and sweating.
I donât wish to cite all its effects. Who is unaware that the sight of cats or rats, the crushing of a coal, etc., can unhinge reason? The tone of oneâs voice impresses even the wisest, and alters the force of a speech or a poem. Affection or hatred change the face of justice, and how just a lawyer finds the case he is pleading when heâs been well paid in advance! How his bold gestures make it seem the better case to the judges, who are duped by that display! Comical reason, which is spun in every direction by any breeze! I could cite almost all the actions of men who practically only stir if imagination shakes them. Because reason has been compelled to yield, and the sagest reason adopts as principles those which human imagination has rashly introduced everywhere.
Nos magistrats ont bien connu ce mystĂšre. Leurs robes rouges, leurs hermines dont ils sâemmaillotent en chats-fourrĂ©s, les palais oĂč ils jugent, les fleurs de lys, tout cet appareil auguste Ă©tait fort nĂ©cessaire; et si les mĂ©decins nâavaient des soutanes et des mules, et que les docteurs nâeussent des bonnets carrĂ©s et des robes trop amples de quatre parties, jamais ils nâauraient dupĂ© le monde qui ne peut rĂ©sister Ă cette montre si authentique. Sâils avaient la vĂ©ritable justice et si les mĂ©decins avaient le vrai art de guĂ©rir, ils nâauraient que faire de bonnets carrĂ©s; la majestĂ© de ces sciences serait assez vĂ©nĂ©rable dâelle-mĂȘme, mais nâayant que des sciences imaginaires, il faut quâils prennent ces vains instruments qui frappent lâimagination Ă laquelle ils ont Ă faire et par lĂ en effet ils sâattirent le respect. Les seuls gens de guerre ne se sont pas dĂ©guisĂ©s de la sorte parce quâen effet leur part est plus essentielle: ils sâĂ©tablissent par la force, les autres par grimace.
Câest ainsi que nos rois nâont pas recherchĂ© ces dĂ©guisements. Ils ne se sont pas masquĂ©s dâhabits extraordinaires pour paraĂźtre tels. Mais ils se sont accompagnĂ©s de gardes, de balourds. Ces trognes armĂ©es qui nâont de mains et de force que pour eux, les trompettes et les tambours qui marchent au-devant et ces lĂ©gions qui les environnent font trembler les plus fermes. Ils nâont pas lâhabit, seulement ils ont la force. Il faudrait avoir une raison bien Ă©purĂ©e pour regarder comme un autre homme le...
Table of contents
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Introduction
- Contents
- Les Provinciales / Provincial Letters
- SeptiĂšme lettre / Seventh Letter
- NeuviĂšme lettre / Ninth Letter
- OnziĂšme lettre / Eleventh Letter
- Pensées