Redefining Rape

Sexual Violence in the Era of Suffrage and Segregation

Estelle B. Freedman

• Publisher: Harvard University Press
• Year: 2013
• Print ISBN: 9780674088115, 9780674724846
• eBook ISBN: 9780674728509
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: North American History
• Index: History

Rape has never had a universally accepted definition, and the uproar over "legitimate rape" during the 2012 U.S. elections confirms that it remains a word in flux. Redefining Rape tells the story of the forces that have shaped the meaning of sexual violence in the United States, through the experiences of accusers, assailants, and advocates for change. In this ambitious new history, Estelle Freedman demonstrates that our definition of rape has depended heavily on dynamics of political power and social privilege.

The long-dominant view of rape in America envisioned a brutal attack on a chaste white woman by a male stranger, usually an African American. From the early nineteenth century, advocates for women's rights and racial justice challenged this narrow definition and the sexual and political power of white men that it sustained. Between the 1870s and the 1930s, at the height of racial segregation and lynching, and amid the campaign for woman suffrage, women's rights supporters and African American activists tried to expand understandings of rape in order to gain legal protection from coercive sexual relations, assaults by white men on black women, street harassment, and the sexual abuse of children. By redefining rape, they sought to redraw the very boundaries of citizenship.

Freedman narrates the victories, defeats, and limitations of these and other reform efforts. The modern civil rights and feminist movements, she points out, continue to grapple with both the insights and the dilemmas of these first campaigns to redefine rape in American law and culture.

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Introduction: The Political History of Rape
• 1. The Narrowing Meaning of Rape
• 2. The Crime of Seduction
• 3. Empowering White Women
• 4. Contesting the Rape of Black Women
• 5. The Racialization of Rape and Lynching
• 6. African Americans Redefine Sexual Violence
• 7. Raising the Age of Consent
• 8. From Protection to Sexualization
• 9. The Sexual Vulnerability of Boys
• 10. “Smashing the Masher”
• 11. After Suffrage
• 12. The Anti-Lynching Movement
• 13. Scottsboro and Its Legacies
• 14. The Enduring Politics of Rape
• Photographs
• Notes
• Acknowledgments
• Index