Materials for Carbon Capture

De-en Jiang, Shannon M. Mahurin, Sheng Dai, De-en Jiang, Shannon M. Mahurin, Sheng Dai

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9781119091172
• eBook ISBN: 9781119091202
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Physical Sciences
• Subtopic: Energy

Covers a wide range of advanced materials and technologies for CO2 capture

As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book highlights the current state-of-the-art in materials for carbon capture, providing a comprehensive understanding of separations ranging from solid sorbents to liquid sorbents and membranes. Filled with diverse and unconventional topics throughout, it seeks to inspire students, as well as experts, to go beyond the novel materials highlighted and develop new materials with enhanced separations properties.

Edited by leading authorities in the field, Materials for Carbon Capture offers in-depth chapters covering: CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal-Organic Frameworks; Porous Carbon Materials: Designed Synthesis and CO2 Capture; Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture; and Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture. Other chapters look at Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation; Polymeric Membranes; Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation; and Composite Materials for Carbon Captures. The book finishes with sections on Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture and Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2 and Ionic Liquid-Based Membranes. 

• A comprehensive overview and survey of the present status of materials and technologies for carbon capture
• Covers materials synthesis, gas separations, membrane fabrication, and CO2 removal to highlight recent progress in the materials and chemistry aspects of carbon capture
• Allows the reader to better understand the challenges and opportunities in carbon capture
• Edited by leading experts working on materials and membranes for carbon separation and capture

Materials for Carbon Capture is an excellent book for advanced students of chemistry, materials science, chemical and energy engineering, and early career scientists who are interested in carbon capture. It will also be of great benefit to researchers in academia, national labs, research institutes, and industry working in the field of gas separations and carbon capture.

1
Introduction

De‐en Jiang¹, Shannon M. Mahurin², and Sheng Dai^{2, 3}

¹ Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA

² Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

³ Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA

Burning fossil fuels for electricity and transportation has led to steadily increasing CO₂ levels in the atmosphere, as recorded in the Keeling curve [1], and, consequently, global warming. This concern has become a major driving force for a larger share of renewable energy in power generation and for electrifying transportation. However, coal‐fired and natural gas‐fired power plants have a long lifetime, which makes post‐combustion carbon capture necessary. In addition, pre‐combustion carbon capture will be an important part of clean‐coal technology. Removal of CO₂ from natural gas is also important, especially given the shale‐gas boom. Moreover, direct air capture of CO₂ has also been explored by many, since there is already a large amount of emitted CO₂ in the air. Hence, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is important for mitigating global warming and climate change [2].

Novel materials hold the key to energy‐efficient carbon capture. As a frontier research area, carbon capture has been a major driving force behind many materials technologies. This book aims to present an overview of the advances in materials research for carbon capture, beyond the commercial amine‐based solvent‐sorption technologies. Broadly speaking, carbon‐capture materials can be divided into two categories: sorbents and membranes. Common sorbents are high‐surface‐area porous materials, such as zeolites, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs), and amorphous porous carbonaceous materials. Membranes are mainly of the polymeric type, while inorganic, carbonaceous, and mixed‐matrix membranes (MMMs) are being actively explored.

MOFs are promising large‐capacity adsorbents for CO₂ due to their great chemical tunability in controlling the pore size, pore shape and topology, metal‐site chemistry, and linker functional groups [3]. In Chapter 2, Ge and Ma present an overview of the MOF materials for carbon capture, focusing on the correlation between MOF structure and CO₂ uptake and tabulating the best‐performing MOFs; they also briefly discuss pure MOF membranes and MOF‐containing mixed‐matrix‐membranes.

One weakness limiting the application of many MOFs in capturing CO₂ from water‐vapor‐saturated flue gas is their sensitivity to moisture. Porous carbonaceous materials, on the other hand, are both chemically and thermally stable. They are usually made from pyrolysis of a carbon‐atom‐containing precursor that can be either a polymer or a small molecule [4]. At the high‐temperature‐treatment end (∼900 °C or higher), the carbon content is high (>90 mol%), and the resulting materials are just called porous carbons. In Chapter 3, Zhang and Lu review the different approaches to make porous carbons, from the perspectives of templates and precursors, and their performances for carbon capture as adsorbents.

Ben, Qiu, and their workers have pioneered the design and synthesis of a different type of porous carbonaceous materials called porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs), which can be visualized by replacing all the CC bonds in the diamond with groups such as the biphenyl, leading to a material with a huge surface area of over 5000 m² g⁻¹ [5]. PAFs have generated a lot of interest as a material platform for gas storage and separation. In Chapter 4, Ben and Qiu review PAFs for carbon capture and strategies for their further improvement.

Computational modeling and virtual screening are playing an increasingly important role in materials discovery for catalysts, batteries, thermoelectrics, and topological phases, to name a few. So carbon capture is not an exception. In Chapter 5, Jain, Babarao, and Thornton comprehensively review the computational methods, candidate materials, and criteria for virtual screening of materials as membranes and sorbents for carbon capture. Moreover, they show the physical insights that can be gained from computational modeling in understanding the many factors that come into play.

In Chapter 6, Jiang and workers further summarize the advances in using computational modeling to guide the development of ultrathin membranes based on 2D materials such as graphene for gas separations. Interlayer‐spacing tuning exhibits great potential in control of molecular and ionic transport in 2D membranes [6–8]. The field of 2D membranes for gas separations was to a large extent initiated by the original proof of concept of one‐atom‐thin membranes for gas separations by Jiang et al. [9]. In this chapter, they review the progress made both experimentally and computationally in this field since their original work in 2009, focusing on the computational aspects for guiding future experimental developments.

Polymeric membranes are commercially used for gas separations and water desalination [10]. Their performances are limited by a trade‐off between selectivity and permeability called the Robeson upper bound [11]. In Chapter 7, Bara and Horne review the polymeric membranes for CO₂ separation for different types of polymers; they also briefly touch upon facilitated transport and membrane contactors. In Chapter 8, Huang and Dai present an overview of carbon‐based membranes for CO₂ separation.

Increasing materials complexity has been a key driver in recent advance...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• Copyright
• List of Contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• 1 Introduction
• 2 CO2 Capture and Separation of Metal–Organic Frameworks
• 3 Porous Carbon Materials
• 4 Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Capture
• 5 Virtual Screening of Materials for Carbon Capture
• 6 Ultrathin Membranes for Gas Separation
• 7 Polymeric Membranes
• 8 Carbon Membranes for CO2 Separation
• 9 Composite Materials for Carbon Capture
• 10 Poly(Amidoamine) Dendrimers for Carbon Capture
• 11 Ionic Liquids for Chemisorption of CO2
• 12 Ionic Liquid‐Based Membranes
• Index
• End User License Agreement