Medicine in a Minute

Amar Vaswani, Hwan Juet Khaw

• Publisher: Scion Publishing
• Year: 2018
• Print ISBN: 9781907904981
• eBook ISBN: 9781911510321
• Topic: Medicine
• Subtopic: Medical Education

Winner of the Young Authors Award at the BMA book awards 2019! AND Highly Commended in the Medicine category! Here's what the BMA reviewers said:
"I would unreservedly recommend this book to any medical student and indeed anyone else who wanted to learn more about internal medicine including junior doctors, nurses, physicians' assistants. I would have loved a book like this when I was a medical student." Medicine in a Minute is a new full-colour text covering the fundamentals of undergraduate medicine in one book. Medical students no longer have the time or inclination to read the huge texts that used to dominate this market - they need a concise book that covers the core information they have to know, and in a user-friendly format: Medicine in a Minute is this book! The book is edited and written by two of the authors behind the bestselling Cardiology in a Heartbeat and features several common design elements and features. It has quickly found favour with medical students and is consistently one of the bestselling medical student texts. The book is divided into body systems and then each section within the particular body system follows a consistent pattern:

• Definition
• Epidemiology
• Risk factors
• Differential diagnosis
• Aetiology
• Pathophysiology
• Clinical features
• Investigations
• Management

Medicine in a Minute is a student-friendly, concise text that you will want close to hand throughout your studies.

Chapter 1

Cardiology

Amar Vaswani, Teo Hooi Khee and Scott D. Dougherty

Basic principles

Bridge to clinical medicine

Anatomy

Coronary circulation

Conducting system of the heart

Cardiac muscle contraction and relaxation

Cardiac output

Heart rate

Blood pressure regulation

The jugular venous pressure (JVP)

Cardiovascular investigations

Cardiac pharmacology

Atherosclerosis

1.1Stable angina

1.2Acute coronary syndrome

1.3Heart failure

1.4Hypertension

1.5Pericarditis

1.5.1Constrictive pericarditis

1.6Rheumatic fever

1.7Infective endocarditis

1.8Arrhythmias

Approach to arrhythmias

1.8.1Bradycardias

1.8.2Tachycardias

Narrow complex tachycardia

Broad complex tachycardias

1.9Cardiomyopathy

1.9.1Dilated cardiomyopathy

1.9.2Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

1.9.3Restrictive cardiomyopathy

1.9.4Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

1.9.5Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

1.10Myocarditis

1.11Cardiac tumours

1.12Valvular heart disease

1.12.1Mitral stenosis

1.12.2Mitral regurgitation

1.12.3Mitral valve prolapse

1.12.4Aortic stenosis

1.12.5Aortic regurgitation

1.12.6Right-sided valvular heart disease

1.13Congenital heart disease

1.13.1Patent ductus arteriosus

1.13.2Coarctation of the aorta

1.13.3Atrial septal defect

1.13.4Patent foramen ovale

1.13.5Ventricular septal defect

1.13.6Tetralogy of Fallot

1.13.7Transposition of the great arteries

1.14Miscellaneous cardiac conditions

1.14.1Digitalis toxicity

1.14.2Postural hypotension

1.14.3Cardiac syndrome X and Prinzmetal angina

Basic principles

The cardiovascular system, which consists of the heart and blood vessels, plays a vital role in the maintenance of homeostasis and transport of nutrients, waste compounds and respiratory gases. To achieve this, the heart and blood vessels must work in tandem with the respiratory and haematological systems to achieve adequate tissue and organ perfusion.

Contracting at an average rate of 75 beats per minute (bpm), the human heart is said to contract up to 3 billion times in an average 80-year lifespan.

Bridge to clinical medicine

Anatomy

• The heart is covered by a fibroserous sac called the pericardium and is located in the thorax between the lungs, in an area known as the mediastinum
• The heart is a four-chambered, muscular structure comprising two atria and two ventricles, which serve to pump deoxygenated (largely venous) blood to the lungs and transport oxygenated (largely arterial) blood to organs and tissues (see Fig. 1.1)
• The right atrium receives venous drainage from two large systemic veins, the superior vena cava superiorly and the inferior vena cava inferiorly, as well as the coronary sinus (inferiorly) and the anterior cardiac vein anteriorly (draining the anterior heart)
• The right atrial appendage or auricle is a pouch-like extension of the right atrium
• Blood moves from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve, which is made up of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal)
• The tricuspid valve orifice is the largest in the heart and its leaflets are supported by chordae tendineae (‘heart strings‘), which link the ventricular aspect of the leaflets to the papillary muscles
• The right ventricle is composed of the large inlet (sinus) and smaller outlet (conus); the inflow tract is typified by trabeculae carneae (irregular ridges), whereas the outlet tract has smooth walls
• The infundibulum is a funnel-shaped muscular structure that forms the right ventricular outflow tract and supports the pulmonary valve, through which deoxygenated blood flows to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk
• The true interatrial septum is limited to a shallow depression known as the fossa ovalis, which is a remnant of the now closed foramen ovale
• The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the four pulmonary veins
• The left atrial appendage is a long, hooked and t...

Table of contents

• Cover Page
• Half Title
• Dedication
• Full Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• List of contributors
• Preface
• Acknowledgements
• Abbreviations
• 1. Cardiology
• 2. Respiratory medicine
• 3. Gastroenterology and hepatobiliary medicine
• 4. Endocrinology
• 5. Neurology
• 6. Haematology, oncology and palliative medicine
• 7. Nephrology
• 8. Metabolic medicine and toxicology
• 9. Infectious diseases
• 10. Rheumatology and immunology
• 11. Dermatology
• 12. The emergency ladder
• Appendices
• References
• Index