The Space Environment
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The Space Environment

Implications for Spacecraft Design - Revised and Expanded Edition

Alan C. Tribble

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eBook - PDF

The Space Environment

Implications for Spacecraft Design - Revised and Expanded Edition

Alan C. Tribble

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About This Book

The breakup of the Space Shuttle Columbia as it reentered Earth's atmosphere on February 1, 2003, reminded the public--and NASA--of the grave risks posed to spacecraft by everything from insulating foam to space debris. Here, Alan Tribble presents a singular, up-to-date account of a wide range of less conspicuous but no less consequential environmental effects that can damage or cause poor performance of orbiting spacecraft. Conveying a wealth of insight into the nature of the space environment and how spacecraft interact with it, he covers design modifications aimed at eliminating or reducing such environmental effects as solar absorptance increases caused by self-contamination, materials erosion by atomic oxygen, electrical discharges due to spacecraft charging, degradation of electrical circuits by radiation, and bombardment by micrometeorites. This book is unique in that it bridges the gap between studies of the space environment as performed by space physicists and spacecraft design engineering as practiced by aerospace engineers.

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Information

• 
Introduction
Table 
1.1
Partial 
List 
of 
Spacecraft 
Anomalies 
Related 
to 
the 
Space 
Environment
Spacecraft
Anomaly
Anik 
E-l 
and 
E-2
Ariel 
1
Geostationary 
Opera-
tional 
Environment 
Sat-
ellite 
(GOES)
Global 
Positioning 
Sys-
tem 
(GPS)
Intelsat 
K
Long 
Duration 
Expo-
sure 
Facility 
(LDEF)
• 
Failure 
of 
momentum 
wheel 
control 
systems
during 
spacecraft 
charging 
event
• 
Failed 
following 
detonation 
of 
high-altitude
atomic 
tests
• 
Numerous 
phantom 
command 
anomalies 
re-
lated 
to 
arc 
discharges 
from 
surface 
charging
• 
Evidence 
of 
photochemically 
deposited 
con-
tamination 
on 
solar 
arrays 
decreasing 
power
output
• 
Degradation 
of 
thermal 
control 
surfaces
• 
Command 
anomalies 
related 
to 
arc 
dis-
charges 
from 
surface 
charging
• 
One 
month 
from 
atmospheric 
reentry 
when
retrieved
• 
Numerous 
MMOD 
impacts
• 
Extensive 
contamination 
and 
AO 
degrada-
tion
• 
Induced 
radiation
Pioneer 
Venus
Skylab
Space 
Shuttle
Ulysses
• 
Several 
command 
memory 
anomalies 
related
to 
high-energy 
cosmic 
rays
• 
Reentered 
atmosphere 
as 
the 
result 
of 
in-
creased 
atmospheric 
drag
• 
Numerous 
micrometeoroid/debris 
impacts
• 
Shuttle 
glow
• 
Collision 
avoidance 
maneuvers
• 
Failed 
during 
peak 
of 
Perseid 
meteoroid
shower

Table of contents