A History and Philosophy of Fluid Mechanics

G. A. Tokaty

• Publisher: Dover Publications
• Year: 2013
• Print ISBN:
  9780486681030
• eBook ISBN:
  9780486152653
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Through the centuries, the intricacies of fluid mechanics — the study of the laws of motion and fluids in motion — have occupied many of history's greatest minds. In this pioneering account, a distinguished aeronautical scientist presents a history of fluid mechanics focusing on the achievements of the pioneering scientists and thinkers whose inspirations and experiments lay behind the evolution of such disparate devices as irrigation lifts, ocean liners, windmills, fireworks and spacecraft.
The author first presents the basics of fluid mechanics, then explores the advances made through the work of such gifted thinkers as Plato, Aristotle, da Vinci, Galileo, Pascal, Newton, Bernoulli, Euler, Lagrange, Ernst Mach and other scientists of the 20th century. Especially important for its illuminating comparison of the development of fluid mechanics in the former Soviet Union with that in the West, the book concludes with studies of transsonic compressibility and aerodynamics, supersonic fluid mechanics, hypersonic gas dynamics and the universal matter-energy continuity.
Professor G. A. Tokaty has headed the prestigious Aeronautical Research Laboratory at the Zhukovsky Academy of Aeronautics in Moscow, and has taught at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is Emeritus Professor of Aeronautics and Space Technology, The City University, London.

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1

hyd

r= water + m

chanik

(the science of motion).

2

a

r = air + m

chanik

(the science of motion).

3

hyd

r = water + dynamikos (force).

4

kin

matos = motion.

5

hyd

r = water + aulos (tube).

6

hyd

r = water + statikos (equilibrium).

7

a

r = air + statikos (equilibrium).

8

a

r = air + dynamikos (force).

9

a

r = air + nautes (navigation).

10

astron = star + nautes (navigation).

11

Water - the mirror of science, Kenneth S. Davis, John A. Day, Anchor Books, Garden City, New York: 1961.

12

Sputnik. June 1969: Moscow.

13

For ‘Soviet Union’, which, of course, no longer exists as such, read ‘ex—Soviet Union’, and for ‘USSR’ read ‘ex-USSR’. (1994 note.)

14

Elementary Hydrostatics. W. H. Besant, fifth edition, Cambridge: 1873.

15

The Growth of Physical Science. Sir James Jeans, Cambridge: 1947.

16

The Philosophers of Science. Edited by Saxe Commins and Robert N. Linscott, The Pocket Library, New York: 1954.

17

Ancient History ...

Table of contents

• DOVER BOOKS ON EARTH SCIENCES
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Basic definitions
• Fluids and life
• Water and air
• The first uses of fluids
• Mythology and fluids
• Plato and fluids
• Aristotle and the science of fluids
• The birth of fluidstatics
• Hero of Alexandria
• Through the Dark Ages to the Renaissance
• General remarks about Leonardo da Vinci
• Leonardo da Vinci’s original works on fluids
• Leonardo’s fluidmechanics
• Simon Stevin (1548-1620)
• Galileo Galilei (1565-1642)
• Evangelista Torricelli (1608-47) and Otto von Guericke (1602-86)
• Blaise Pascal (1623-62)
• Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
• Daniel Bernoulli (1700-82)
• Leonhard Euler (1707-83)
• Louis de Lagrange (1736-1813)
• Jean le Rond d’Alembert (1717-83)
• Chevalier de Borda (1733-99) and others
• Chezy, Du Buat, Coulon, Hagen, Poiseuille and Girard
• Claude Louis M. H. Navier (1785-1836)
• The birth of experimental fluidmechanics
• Benjamin Robins (1707-51) and Leonhard Euler
• Lazare Carnot (1753-1823), Pierre Simon de Laplace (1749-1827) and others
• Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857) and others
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-94) and others
• Osborne Reynolds (1842-1912)
• Mikhail Lomonossov (1711-65) and others
• The Russian School of scientific thought
• Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)
• Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky (1847-1921)
• Frederick Lanchester (1878-1946) and others
• The Prandtl-Lanchester Lifting Line Theory
• Flettner’s rudders
• Flettner’s rotorship
• Flettner’s rotor windmill
• Autorotating bodies
• Riabouchinsky, Mallock, Benard, von Karman
• William Froude (1810-79) and others
• Turbulent boundary layer and flow separation
• Methods of delaying flow separation
• Airscrews
• The inner structure of fluids
• The velocity of sound
• Ernst Mach (1838-1916) and others
• The Chaplygin-Khristianovich method
• The drag wall
• Transsonic compressibility effects on lift
• Further notes on transsonic aerodynamics
• Further notes on supersonic fluidmechanics: superfluidity
• Hypersonic gasdynamics
• The universal matter-energy continuity
• Index
• DOVER BOOKS ON ENGINEERING