Australian Beetles Volume 2

Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga (part)

Adam Slipinski, John F. Lawrence, Adam Slipinski, John F. Lawrence, John Lawrence

• Publisher: CSIRO PUBLISHING
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780643097308
• eBook ISBN: 9781486311408
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Physiology
• Index: Biological Sciences

This three-volume series represents a comprehensive treatment of the beetles of Australia, a relatively under-studied fauna that includes many unusual and unique lineages found nowhere else on Earth.

Volume 2 contains 36 chapters, providing critical information and identification keys to the genera of the Australian beetle families included in suborders Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga and several groups of Polyphaga (Scirtoidea, Hydrophiloidea, Scarabaeoidea, Buprestoidea and Tenebrionidae). Each chapter is richly illustrated in black and white drawings and photographs. The book also includes colour habitus figures for about 1000 Australian beetle genera and subgenera belonging to the families treated in this volume.

This volume is a truly international collaborative effort, as the chapters have been written by 23 contributors from Australia, China, Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland and USA.

Certificate of Commendation, The Royal Zoological Society of NSW 2020 Whitley Awards: Taxonomy

1. ARCHOSTEMATA KOLBE, 1908

John F. Lawrence and Hermes E. Escalona

The genera Cupes Latreille and Omma Newman were included in the suborder Adephaga by Ganglbauer (1903), Kolbe (1901, 1903) and Lameere (1903), based primarily on wing venation, while Kolbe (1908) excluded cupedids from Adephaga and placed them in a separate group, Archostemata, within what is now known as Polyphaga. Forbes (1926) considered Archostemata to be one of the three suborders of beetles, containing Cupedidae Laporte (including Ommatidae Sharp & Muir) and Micromalthidae Barber, based on wing folding, while by Böving & Craighead (1931) and Peyerimhoff (1933) supported this based on larval evidence. This classification was used in Crowson’s (1955) classic work on the order. In a later paper, Crowson (1962) made the first attempt to integrate the work of paleontologists, such as A. Handlirsch, R. J. Tillyard, B. B. Rohdendorf and A. B. Martynov, on cupedid-like fossils with knowledge of the extant archostematan fauna known at that time. Ponomarenko (1964, 1966, 1968, 1969) published the first major work dealing with Archostemata, which was defined in a broad sense to include virtually all known Permian and Mesozoic fossils sufficiently complete to be described (11 families, 74 genera and 186 species) but lacking the distinctive features of either Polyphaga or Adephaga. The Lower Permian Tshekardocoleidae and several Upper Permian groups were placed in Protocoleoptera and Archecoleoptera, respectively, by Crowson (1975), but were considered to form a coleopterid stem group by Kukalová-Peck (1991). This was followed by Beutel (1997) and Beutel & Friedrich (2008), who added the Triassic Triadocupedidae to this paraphyletic stem group. Within the remaining Archostemata, relationships are still not clearly understood, particularly among the taxa with non-clathrate elytra (without window-punctures) such as Jurodidae, Ademosynidae, Schizophoridae and Catiniidae, and their possible affinities with the other three suborders, Adephaga, Myxophaga and Polyphaga. Numerous publications have appeared in the past 25 years on fossil Archostemata primarily from localities in Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and northern China but also on those in the UK, USA, Spain, Australia and Argentina; included are Ashman et al. (2015); Jarzembowski & Wang (2016); Jarzembowski et al. (2012, 2013a, 2013b, 2015); Kirejtshuk (2005); Kirejtshuk et al. (2010a, 2010b, 2016); Lubkin (2003); Martin (2010); Martins-Neto et al. (2006); Ponomarenko (1994, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006); Ponomarenko & Martinez-Delclòs (2000); Ponomarenko & Ren (2010); Ponomarenko et al. (2014); Ren & Tan (2006); Ren et al. (2006); Soriano & Delclòs (2006); Tan & Ren (2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2007, 2009); Tan et al. (2007a); Tan et al. (2005); Tan et al. (2006a, 2006b, 2007b, 2007c); Tan et al. (2006c, 2013, 2012) and Yan et al. (2014).

In the study of Archostemata by Kirejtshuk et al. (2016), virtually all archostematans with clathrate or reticulate elytra are considered to belong to the single family Cupedidae, extending back to the Triassic, but without an adequate phylogenetic analysis and additional support from other members of the paleontological community, we continue to recognise the families Ommatidae and Cupedidae. Recent discoveries of Cupedidae in the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar may be found in the papers by Jarzembowski et al. (2017a, 2017b, 2017c).

Some important characters defining this suborder may be found in extant members of the Ommatidae and Cupedidae, but not in highly derived or little known groups like Micromalthidae (Beutel & Hörnschemeyer 2002a), Crowsoniellidae (Ge et al. 2011) or the doubtfully included Jurodidae (Yan et al. 2014). These include: (1) lack of cervical sclerites (also in Adephaga and Myxophaga); (2) external propleuron extending well in front of procoxal cavities (also in Adephaga, reduced in Myxophaga); (3) free, external protrochantin; (4) membranous joint between mesothorax and metathorax (also in some Polyphaga); (5) mesocoxal cavities broadly closed laterally by metanepisternum (narrowly so in a few Polyphaga); (6) well developed and exposed metatrochantins; (7) hind wing without a radial cell formed by meeting of RA₁₊₂ and RA₃₊₄ (also in Adephaga and Myxophaga); (8) hind wing with cross-veins between RP and MP₁₊₂ forming an oblongum cell (also in Adephaga and Myxophaga), (9) hind wing with major fold crossing MP₁₊₂ forming a sharp hinge (also in Adephaga and Myxophaga); (10) larva with 6-segmented legs and paired pretarsal claws (also in Adephaga); (11) larva with ligular sclerome.

There are relatively few extant species of Archostemata: the family Ommatidae contains four Australian species of Omma Newman and two species of Tetraphalerus Waterhouse, occurring primarily in Argentina and Bolivia, and the Cupedidae includes nine genera and 31 species occurring in North America, South America, the eastern Palaearctric and Oriental regions, the East Indies, New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, East Africa, South Africa and Madagascar (Neboiss 1984; Lawrence 1999; Hörnschemeyer 2009, 2016; Hörnschemeyer & Beutel 2016; Hörnschemeyer & Yavorskaya 2016). The group has become extinct in Europe, but several European species are known from the early Tertiary (Kirejtshuk 2005; Kirejtshuk et al. 2010a). Several morphological papers have been produced on both larvae (Beutel & Hörnschemeyer 2002a, 2002b; Hörnschemeyer et al. 2002; Grebennikov 2004; Yavorskaya et al. 2015) and adults (Baehr 1975; Hörnschemeyer et al. 2006; Beutel et al. 2008; Friedrich et al. 2009; Hünefeld et al. 2011). General summaries of extant Archostemata may be found in Hörnschemeyer (2016), Hörnschemeyer & Beutel (2016) and Hörnschemeyer & Yavorskaya (2016).

References

Ashman LG, Oberprieler RG, Ślipiński A (2015) Rhopalomma stefaniae gen. et sp. n., the first ommatid beetle from the Upper Jurassic in Australia (Coleoptera: Archostemata: Ommatidae). Zootaxa 3980(1), 136–142. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3980.1.8

Baehr M (1975) Skelett und Muskulatur des Thorax von Priacma serrata LeConte (Coleoptera, Cupedidae). Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere 81, 55–101. doi:10.1007/BF00290073

Beutel RG (1997) Über Phylogenese und Evolution der Coleoptera (Insecta), insbesondere der Adephaga. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (NF) 31, 164 pp.

Beutel RG, Friedrich F (2008) The phylogeny of Archostemata (Coleoptera) and new approaches in insect morphology. Entomologia Generalis 31(2), 141–154. doi:10.1127/entom.gen/31/2008/141

Beutel RG, Hörnschemeyer T (2002a) Description of the larva of Rhipsideigma raffrayi (Coleoptera: Archostemata), with phylogenetic and functional implications. European Journal of Entomology 99, 53–66. doi:10.14411/eje.2002.011

Beutel RG, Hörnschemeyer T (2002b) Larval morphology and phylogenetic position of Micromalthus debilis LeConte (Coleoptera: Micromalthidae). Systematic Entomology 27, 169–190. doi:10.1046/j.1365-3113.2002.00172.x

Beutel RG, Ge SQ, Hörnschemeyer T (2008) On the head morphology of Tetraphalerus, the phylogeny of Archostemata and the basal branching events in Coleoptera. Cladistics 24, 270–298. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2007.00186.x

Böving AG, Craighead FC (1931) An illustrated synopsis of the principal larval forms of the order Coleoptera. Entomologica Americana (N.S.) 11(1930), 1–351.

Crowson RA (1955) The Natural Classification of the Families of Coleoptera. Nathaniel Lloyd, London.

Crowson RA (1962) Observations on the beetle family Cupedidae, with descriptions of two new forms and a key to the recent general. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 5(51), 147–157. doi:10.1080/00222936208651227

Crowson RA (1975) The evolutionary history of Coleoptera, as documented by fossil and comparative evidence. Atti del Congresso Nazionale Italiano di Entomologia 10, 47–90.

Forbes WTM (1926) The wing-folding patterns of the Coleoptera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 34, 42–115, pls 7–18.

Friedrich F, Farrell BD, Beutel RG (2009) The thoracic morphology of Archostemata and the relationships of the extent suborders of Coleoptera (Hexapoda). Cladistics 25, 1–37. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00233.x

Ganglbauer L (1903) Systematisch-koleopterologische Studien. Münchener Koleopterologische Zeitschrift 1, 271–319.

Ge S-Q, Hörnschemeyer T, Friedrich F, Beutel RG (2011) Is Crowsoniella relicta really a cucujiform beetle? Systematic Entomology 36(1), 175–179. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00552.x

Grebennikov VV (2004) Review of larval morphology of beetles of the suborder Archostemata (Insecta: Coleoptera), including first-instar chaetotaxy. European Journal of Entomology 101, 273–292. doi:10.14411/eje.2004.038

Hörnschemeyer T (2009) The species-level phylogeny of archostematan beetles—where do Micromalthus debilis and Crowsoniella relicta belong? Systematic Entomology 34, 533–558. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2009.00476.x

Hörnschemeyer T (2016) 5. Archostemata Kolbe, 1908, 5.1. Crowsoniellidae Iablokoff-Khnzorian, 1983. 5.3. Micromalthidae Barber, 1913. 5.5 Jurodidae Kirejtshuk, 1999 (= Sikhotealinidae). In Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology. Band/Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta. Teilband/Part 38. Coleoptera, Beetles. Volume 1: Morphology and Systematics (Archostemata, Adephaga, Myxophaga, Polyphaga partim). 2nd edn. (Eds RG Beutel and RAB Leschen) pp. 41–43, 48–51, 57–62. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin.

Hörnschemeyer T, Beutel RG (2016) 5.4. Ommatidae Sharp & Muir, 1912. In Handbuch der Zoologie/Handbook of Zoology. Band/Volume IV Arthropoda: Insecta. Teilband/P...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• PREFACE
• DEDICATION
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 2
• 1. Archostemata Kolbe, 1908
• 2. Ommatidae Sharp and Muir, 1912
• 3. Cupedidae Laporte, 1836
• 4. Myxophaga Crowson, 1955
• 5. Sphaeriusidae Erichson, 1845
• 6. Adephaga Schellenberg, 1806
• 7. Gyrinidae Latreille, 1810
• 8. Haliplidae Aube, 1836
• 9. Noteridae Thomson, 1860
• 10. Hygrobiidae Régimbart, 1879
• 11. Dytiscidae Leach, 1815
• 12. Carabidae Latreille, 1802
• 13. Polyphaga Emery, 1886
• 14. Superfamily Scirtoidea Fleming, 1821
• 15. Scirtidae Fleming, 1821
• 16. Superfamily Hydrophiloidea Leach, 1815
• 17. Georissidae Castelnau, 1840
• 18. Hydrochidae Thomson, 1859
• 19. Spercheidae Erichson, 1837
• 20. Hydrophilidae Leach, 1815
• 21. Histeridae Gyllenhal, 1808
• 22. Superfamily Scarabaeoidea Latreille, 1802
• 23. Geotrupidae Latreille, 1802
• 24. Passalidae Leach, 1815
• 25. Trogidae Macleay, 1819
• 26. Lucanidae Latreille, 1804
• 27. Hybosoridae Erichson, 1847
• 28. Scarabaeidae Latreille, 1802
• 29. Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae Leach, 1815
• 30. Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae Latreille, 1802
• 31. Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Leach, 1819
• 32. Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae Macleay, 1919
• 33. Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae Macleay, 1919
• 34. Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae Leach, 1815
• 35. Buprestidae Leach, 1815
• 36. Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802
• COLOUR PLATES
• ERRATA FOR VOLUME 1
• INDEX OF GENERIC AND FAMILY GROUP NAMES