Digitalized and Harmonized Industrial Production Systems

The PERFoRM Approach

Armando Walter Colombo, Michael Gepp, José Barata Oliveira, Paulo Leitao, Jose Barbosa, Jeffrey Wermann, Armando Walter Colombo, Michael Gepp, José Barata Oliveira, Paulo Leitao, Jose Barbosa, Jeffrey Wermann

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9781032337784
• eBook ISBN: 9780429558368
• Topic: Computer Science
• Subtopic: Computer Engineering
• Index: Computer Science

On the one side, Industrial competitiveness today means shorter product lifecycles, increased product variety, and shorter times to market and customized tangible products and services. To face these challenges, the manufacturing industry is forced to move from traditional management, control, and automation approaches towards industrial cyber-physical systems.

On the other side, several emergent engineering approaches and related Information?Communication?Control?Technologies, such as Multi?Agent-Systems, Service?Oriented Architecture, Plug?and?Produce Systems, Cloud and Fog Technologies, Big Data and Analytics, among others, have been researched during the last years. The confluence of those results with the latest developments in Industrial Digitalization, Systems?of?Cyber-Physical-Systems Engineering, Internet?of?Things, Internet?of?Services, and Industry 4.0 is opening a new broad spectrum of innovation possibilities.

The PERFoRM (Production-harmonizEd-Reconfiguration of Flexible Robots and Machinery) approach is one of them. It teaches the reader what it means when production machines and systems are digitalized and migrated into Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems and what happens when they are networked and start collaborating with each other and with the human, using the internet.

After a Technology Trend Screening and beyond a comprehensive state-of-the-art analysis about Industrial Digitalization and Industry 4.0-compliant solutions, the book introduces methods, architectures, and technologies applicable in real industrial use cases, explained for a broad audience of researchers, practitioners, and industrialists.

Foreword 1

Today Manufacturing and other industrial systems have been greatly impacted by the growth of devices in Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and Cyber-Physical Systems. These technologies move many manual or ad hoc processes in industrial systems to systems where failures and controls can be predicted and often executed automatically in the system. Much of the scope of this is address in the scope of Industry 4.0 industrial revolution. Cyber-Physical Systems also enables machine learning based virtual simulation of an industrial system paired to the actual system allowed for improved machine learning and prediction of events. Together these allow for significant operational improvements, and shorter time to market and overall greatly improved performance of industrial systems.

PERFoRM represents an architecture and solution strategies for a Cyber-Physical System. The authors describe the architecture, design, and provide examples of how the architecture can be applied in existing systems including test beds, compressors, electric vehicles, aerospace, and other uses. The background and samples are very useful for companies interested in implementing a Cyber-Physical System for their environment.

Michael W. Condry, PhD, FIEEE
Chief Technical Officer, Ecosystem Division, Intel Corporation (Retired), USA
President, IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS)
Senior Adcom, IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

Michael is currently the chair, of the Advisory Board for Clinicai, Inc. Clinicai is a BioMed startup company focused on early detections of medical symptoms such as cancer using accurate and noninvasive methodology. Michael is also currently the president of the IEEE TEMS Society. His industry experience includes startups such as Clinicai as well has leadership roles in major corporations such as Intel, Sun, and AT&T Bell Laboratories. Most recently at Intel, Michael was the chief technical officer in the Client Division. His career has a mixture of academic and industry positions, mostly in industry. Holding teaching and research positions at Princeton and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Michael came to Intel from Sun to head up Networking Applications research in Intel Labs. Michael's CTO role drove on customer innovation, design cost reduction, and other technologies and leading technical staff development. He led efforts to help the customer with system design and security. This plus efforts in technical staff development at Intel awarded him and his team the prestigious Intel Quality Award in 2015. At Sun he led the development of Unix standards as well as improved the architecture processes by engineering. At AT&T he was one of the architects for the BellMac 32 processor, the first 32 bit microprocessor on the market and lead software projects including a Real-Time Unix design and Unix System V file system. His background includes projects in computer architecture, software, firmware, operating systems, networking, IoT, internet applications, standards, and computer security. Michael retired from Intel in June 2015.

Michael has patents in computer architecture and security. He has published many technical papers and regularly presents keynotes at technical conferences.

Michael has many years engaging in the IEEE. He is the President of the IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS). Michael is a senior board member for the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IES); he created and chairs the IEEE Industry Forum series that has successfully engaged industry in over 18 conferences. Michael is also a member of the IEEE Computer Society for over 28 years. He has chaired many IEEE conferences as well as the Industry Forum program in multiple societies.

Foreword 2

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) study the deep integration between cyber information systems and dynamic physical systems. The domains of those physical systems include energy systems, automotive systems, aerospace systems, etc., many of which are addressed in different chapters of this book.

The key to design a high quality CPS is to identify the deep underlying links between the information system and the target physical system. In short, one needs to develop a cyber-physical solution to tackle a cyber-physical problem. In a typical CPS context, an incomplete physical model and a set of data are given. The development of a cyber-physical solution is essentially to make the incomplete physical model “more complete.” This requires the confluence of the physical model based approach and the data driven approach. Such a confluence identifies the underlying links between the information system and the physical system, and characterizes the cyber-physical solution. It pushes the envelope in the modeling of physical problems and the development of tools, through developing large-scale analytical modeling techniques, high performance simulation, synthesis and verification techniques, advanced data analytics techniques, etc. In addition to data, tools, and models, CPS design needs to address other important factors such as security, architecture, timing, power, and reliability. Considering the above aspects, while exploring the unique nature of the target physical domain, clearly requires the close collaborations among information technology experts and physical domain experts. This book provides a set of excellent examples demonstrating such collaborations. It is my firm belief that the research dedicated to the highly interdisciplinary CPS research will keep growing and eventually take it to a new level.

Shiyan Hu
Michigan Technological University
Houghton, MI, USA

Professor Shiyan Hu received his PhD in Computer Engineering from Texas A&M University in 2008. He is an associate professor at Michigan Technological University, and he was a visiting associate professor at Stanford University. His research interests include Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), CPS Security, and Data Analytics where he has published more than 100 refereed papers.

Prof. Hu is an ACM Distinguished Speaker, an IEEE Systems Council Distinguished Lecturer, a recipient of U.S. National Science Foundation CAREER Award, and a recipient of IEEE Computer Society TCSC Middle Career Researcher Award. His research was highlighted as a Keynote Paper in IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design in 2017, as a Thomson Reuters ESI Highly Cited Paper in 2017, and as the Front Cover in IEEE Transactions on Nanobioscience in March 2014.

Prof. Hu is the Chair for IEEE Technical Committee on Cyber-Physical Systems. He is the Editor-In-Chief of IET Cyber-Physical Systems: Theory & Applications. He has been an Associate Editor for IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, ACM Transactions on Design Automation for Electronic Systems, and ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems. He is also a Guest Editor for eight IEEE/ACM journals such as Proceedings of the IEEE (PIEEE) and IEEE Transactions on Computers. He has held chair positions in various IEEE/ACM conferences. He is a Fellow of IET.

Foreword 3

Enabling the Industrial Digital Transformation

In fast-paced business environments, the modern enterprises need to stay competitive. To do so, they continuously aim for optimization of their business processes as well as interactions with other stakeholders. Digitalization, as envisioned by the fourth industrial revolution, poses another challenge that needs to be effective and in a timely fashion mastered.

However, this is easier said than done. The disruptive changes that need to be implemented, in conjunction with the introduction of new technologies, modi operandi, business models, and stakeholder interaction make the whole undertaking a challenging issue. A lot of marketing hype often overestimates the expected benefits and the timeline that they can be achieved. Furthermore, the change management process and its complexities toward adjusting to the new era are for many large companies, and even more for small- and medium-sized enterprises not clear and tangible.

To embrace the benefits of Industrie 4.0 and carry out effectively the necessary digital transformation, the changes need to be understood, well-planned, measured, and successfully executed in a way that fully addresses the complexities underlying in their sociotechnical dimensions. For the technical side, this implies a good understanding of the existing as well as planned technology adoption, in order to design and realize architectures that fully capitalize on the Industrie 4.0 capabilities from the production systems up to enterprise systems level.

In this process, the engineering and the development of tools are expected to play a pivotal role. To have a successful digital transformation, it is indispensable to address the migration paths and strategies for systems, processes, and personnel that utilize them. New tools that enable such efforts to help the enterprise to optimize its resource usage, and adjust its processes for the new infrastructure need to be developed. Coordinating all of these actions in an efficient manner, ultimately empowers modern enterprises to stay competitive enhance their performance.

In this new exciting era, this book touches on several aspects of both architectural as well as engineering nature that need to be tackled in the manufacturing domain. By demonstrating how the PERFoRM framework addresses several of the posed requirements and associated challenges, a clearer path emerges on what actions need to be undertaken and how to carry them out. In addition, the book provides several industrial application examples, for example, from compressors, white goods, electric vehicles, and aerospace, which exemplify how the PERFoRM framework was utilized and make even more clear the hurdles and benefits that can be seized.

Stamatis Karnouskos
SAP
Industrie 4.0 & Digital Supply Chain Innovation
Dietmar Hopp Allee 16
Walldorf, Germany

Stamatis Karnouskos is an expert on the Internet of Things at SAP, Germany. He investigates the added value and impact of emerging technologies in enterprise systems. For over 20 years, he has led efforts in several European Commission and industry-funded projects related to the Internet of Things, Cyber-Physical Systems, Industrie 4.0, manufacturing, smart grids, smart cities, security, and mobility. Stamatis has extensive experience on research and technology management within the industry as well as the European Commission and several national research funding bodies (e.g., in Germany, France, Switzerland, Denmark, Czech Republic, and Greece). He has served on the technical advisory board of Internet Protocol for Smart Objects Alliance (IPSO), and the Permanent Stakeholder Group of the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA).

Preface

Industrial competitiveness today means shorter product lifecycles, increased product variety, shorter time-to-market, shorter time-in-market, and customized tangible products and services. To face these challenges, the manufacturing industry is supported by novel paradigms and associated technologies, namely Industry 4.0, Industrial Internet of Things, and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems. The penetration of these groundbreaking principles in the industrial manufacturing ecosystem push them to move from traditional hierarchical management, control and automation approaches toward digitalized and informatized, reconfigurable, and networked flexible manufacturing systems that are both, structurally reconfigurable and evolvable, and functional (i) dynamically adaptable to react to changing production environment and (ii) flexible to different business opportunities.

For years several emergent engineering approaches and related Information-Communication-Control-Technologies (ICCT), such as Multi-Agent Systems, Service-oriented Architecture, Plug-and-Produce systems, Cloud and Fog technologies, Smart Big Data and Analytics, among others, have been researched and prototypes developed in a variety of research and innovation activities. The confluence of those resul...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Abbreviations
• Foreword 1
• Foreword 2
• Foreword 3
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Editors
• Contributors
• Disclaimer
• 1. PERFoRM: Industrial Context and Project Vision
• 2. Technologies and Standards
• 3. PERFoRM System Architecture
• 4. Architectural Elements: PERFoRM Data Model
• 5. Architectural Elements: Technology Adapters
• 6. Architectural Components: Middleware
• 7. PERFoRM Methods and Tools
• 8. Migration Strategy toward Innovative, Digitalized, and Harmonized Production Systems
• 9. Test Beds
• 10. Use Case: Compressors
• 11. Use Case: White Goods
• 12. IFEVS Use Case
• 13. PERFoRM Approach: GKN Use Case
• 14. PERFoRM Approach: Lessons Learned and New Challenges
• Index