Data, Models and Analysis
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Data, Models and Analysis

The Highest Impact Articles in 'Atmosphere-Ocean'

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eBook - ePub

Data, Models and Analysis

The Highest Impact Articles in 'Atmosphere-Ocean'

About this book

This volume contains the ten most cited articles that have appeared in the journal Atmosphere-Ocean since 1995. These articles cover a wide range of topics in meteorology, climatology and oceanography. Modelling work is represented in five papers, covering global climate model development; a cumulus parameterization scheme for global climate models; development of a regional forecast modelling system and parameterization of peatland hydraulic processes for climate models. Data rehabilitation and compilation in order to support trend analysis work on comprehensive precipitation and temperature data sets is presented in four papers. Field studies are represented by a paper on the circumpolar lead system. While the modelling studies are global in their application and applicability, the data analysis and field study papers cover environments that are specifically, but not uniquely, Canadian. This book will be of interest to researchers, students and professionals in the various sub-fields of meteorology, oceanography and climate science.

Information

Publisher
Routledge
Year
2019
Print ISBN
9780367143114
9781138047655
eBook ISBN
9781351691208
Edition
1
Subtopic
Ecology

Introduction

This book celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS) by republishing a compilation of papers published in the CMOS flagship journal Atmosphere-Ocean. The republished papers were selected from all papers published in Atmosphere-Ocean, and its predecessor Atmosphere on the basis of being the most-cited papers in the past five years, with some attention paid to papers highly cited in 2015. This was done in order to capture very recently published papers of note.
Readers of this compilation will notice a number of features common to the selection. All works address either meteorological or oceanographic phenomena of importance to Canada, or important advances made by Canadian scientists. While Atmosphere-Ocean is a venue for publication on meteorological and oceanographic phenomena wherever they might occur, it is not surprising that Canadian authors publish their best work on Canadian phenomena in a Canadian Journal. While Canadian authors do publish their work in non-Canadian journals, it is gratifying that they publish some of their highly cited works in Atmosphere-Ocean. Readers might also notice that the most highly cited papers in the journal span meteorology, climate science and oceanography, the three editorial “departments” of Atmosphere-Ocean. This is a satisfying reflection of the strength of all branches of the sciences represented in CMOS.
CMOS is a bilingual society, and Atmosphere-Ocean contains papers written in both French and English, though French language papers form a small minority. It is therefore not surprising, though disappointing, that there are no French language papers in this book. While this is in part due to the small number of French language papers in Atmosphere-Ocean, it is also due to the fact that English has become the lingua franca of science. Scientists whose first language is not English often choose to publish their work in English in order to maximize their readership.
The papers in this book generally do not represent the last word in their topic, but rather, like all scientific works, represent a significant point of progress in a journey of discovery. Each of the papers has built on preceding work, and leads to subsequent work. The high frequency of citation clearly demonstrates their impact on their respective fields. In order to give readers a sense of the background work underlying the papers, and to provide some insight into the influence the papers have had on their field, we have asked corresponding authors of each of the papers to provide a short description. Papers are ordered as follows: A description of a field study; four papers on climate data sets and their analysis; and five papers on numerical model development, roughly in order of increasing scale.

Introduction

Ce livre cĂ©lĂšbre le cinquantiĂšme anniversaire de la SociĂ©tĂ© canadienne de mĂ©tĂ©orologie et d’ocĂ©anographie (SCMO) en publiant une compilation d’articles dĂ©jĂ  parus dans Atmosphere-Ocean, la revue phare de la SCMO. Les articles republiĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©lectionnĂ©s parmi tous ceux parus dans Atmosphere-Ocean et son prĂ©dĂ©cesseur Atmosphere en fonction de leur frĂ©quence de citation au cours des cinq der­-niĂšres annĂ©es, et particuliĂšrement en 2015. Cette approche permet de promouvoir les articles Ă©minents publiĂ©s rĂ©cemment.
Les lecteurs de cette compilation remarqueront un certain nombre de caractĂ©ristiques communes Ă  la sĂ©lection. Tous les travaux abordent des phĂ©nomĂšnes mĂ©tĂ©orologiques ou ocĂ©anographiques d’importance pour le Canada, ou des progrĂšs importants rĂ©alisĂ©s par les scientifiques canadiens. Bien que Atmosphere-Ocean publie des articles touchant Ă  des phĂ©nomĂšnes mĂ©tĂ©orologiques et ocĂ©anographiques oĂč qu’ils puissent se produire, il n’est pas Ă©tonnant que les auteurs canadiens publient leurs meilleurs travaux concernant des phĂ©nomĂšnes canadiens dans une revue canadienne. Bien que les auteurs canadiens publient une partie de leurs travaux dans des revues Ă©trangĂšres, nous sommes fiers que certains de leurs articles frĂ©quemment citĂ©s paraissent dans Atmosphere-Ocean. Les lecteurs pourraient aussi remarquer que les articles hautement citĂ©s dans la revue englobent les domaines de la mĂ©tĂ©orologie, de la climatologie et de l’ocĂ©anographie, les trois « dĂ©partements » Ă©ditoriaux d’Atmosphere-Ocean. Il s’agit d’une rĂ©flexion satisfaisante de la force de tous les domaines scientifiques reprĂ©sentĂ©s par la SCMO.
La SCMO est une sociĂ©tĂ© bilingue et Atmosphere-Ocean publie des articles rĂ©digĂ©s en français et en anglais, bien que les articles en langue française s’y retrouvent en minoritĂ©. Il n’est donc pas Ă©tonnant, bien que dĂ©cevant, qu’aucun article rĂ©digĂ© en français ne soit inclus dans ce livre. Ceci est en partie dĂ» au fait que seul un petit nombre d’articles sont publiĂ©s en français dans Atmosphere-Ocean, mais aussi que l’anglais est devenu la lingua franca de la science. Les scientifiques dont la langue maternelle diffĂšre de l’anglais choisissent rĂ©guliĂšrement de publier leurs rĂ©sultats en anglais afin de maximiser leur lectorat.
En gĂ©nĂ©ral, les articles publiĂ©s dans ce livre ne reprĂ©sentent guĂšre le dernier mot sur un sujet, mais plutĂŽt, comme tout ouvrage scientifique, un progrĂšs important sur le parcours de la dĂ©couverte. Chaque article est fondĂ© sur des travaux prĂ©cĂ©dents et contribue Ă  l’avancement de la recherche. La frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e des citations dĂ©montre clairement l’impact des travaux dans leurs domaines respectifs. Afin d’offrir aux lecteurs une vue d’ensemble du travail que sous-tendent les articles et de fournir un aperçu de l’influence qu’ils ont dans leur domaine, nous avons demandĂ© aux auteurs correspondants de fournir une brĂšve synthĂšse de leur article. Les articles sont classĂ©s comme suit : la description d’une Ă©tude sur le terrain ; quatre articles sur des ensembles de donnĂ©es climatiques et leur analyse, et enfin cinq articles sur l’élaboration de modĂšles numĂ©riques, en ordre de l’échelle du projet.

The International Polar Year (IPY) Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) System Study: Overview and the Physical System

D.G. Barber1, M.G. Asplin1, Y. Gratton2, J. V. Lukovich1, R. J. Galley1, R. L. Raddatz1 and D. Leitch1
1Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba
2Institut National de Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Québec, Quebec

ABSTRACT The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) system study is a Canadian-led International Polar Year (IPY) initiative with over 350 participants from 27 countries. The study is multidisciplinary in nature, integrating physical sciences, biological sciences and Inuvialuit traditional knowledge. The CFL study is designed to investigate the importance of changing climate processes in the flaw lead system of the northern hemisphere on the physical, biogeochemical and biological components of the Arctic marine system. The circumpolar flaw lead is a perennial characteristic of the Arctic throughout the winter season and forms when the mobile multi-year (MY) pack ice moves away from coastal fast ice, creating recurrent and interconnected polynyas in the Norwegian, Icelandic, North American and Siberian sectors of the Arctic. The CFL study was 293 days in duration and involved the overwintering of the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen in the Cape Bathurst flaw lead throughout the annual sea-ice cycle of 2007–2008.
In this paper we provide an introduction to the CFL project and then use preliminary data from the field season to describe the physical flaw lead system, as observed during the CFL overwintering project. Preliminary data show that ocean circulation is affected by eddy propagation into Amundsen Gulf (AG). Upwelling features arising along the ice edge and along abrupt topography are also detected and identified as important processes that bring nutrient rich waters up to the euphotic zone. Analysis of sea-ice relative vorticity and sea-ice area by ice type in the AG during the CFL study illustrates increased variability in ice vorticity in late autumn 2007 and an increase in new and young ice areas in the AG during winter. Analysis of atmospheric data show that a strong northeast–southwest pressure gradient present over the AG in autumn may be a synoptic-scale atmospheric response to sensible and latent heat fluxes arising from areas of open water persisting into late November 2007. The median atmospheric boundary layer temperature profile over the Cape Bathurst flaw lead during the winter season was stable but much less so when compared to Russian ice island stations.
RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rĂ©daction] L’étude du systĂšme du chenal de sĂ©paration circumpolaire (CSC) est une initiative de l’AnnĂ©e polaire internationale (API) menĂ©e par le Canada et Ă  laquelle 350 participants provenant de 27 pays ont pris part. L’étude, de nature multidisciplinaire, fait appel aux sciences physiques et biologiques ainsi qu’au savoir traditionnel Inuvialuit. L’étude du CSC vise Ă  examiner les rĂ©percussions des processus climatiques changeants dans le systĂšme du chenal de sĂ©paration de l’hĂ©misphĂšre Nord sur les composantes physiques, biogĂ©ochimiques et biologiques du systĂšme marin arctique. Le CSC est une caractĂ©ristique permanente de l’Arctique durant la saison d’hiver et se forme quand la banquise mobile de glace de plusieurs annĂ©es s’éloigne de la banquise cĂŽtiĂšre fixe en crĂ©ant des polynies rĂ©currentes et interconnectĂ©es dans les secteurs norvĂ©gien, islandais, nord-amĂ©ricain et sibĂ©rien de l’Arctique. Pour mener l’étude du CSC, qui a durĂ© 293 jours, le brise-glace de recherche canadien NGCC Amundsen est demeurĂ© dans le chenal de sĂ©paration du cap Bathurst tout l’hiver, c’est-Ă -dire pendant tout le cycle annuel des glaces de mer de 2007–2008.
Dans cet article, nous fournissons une introduction au projet du CSC, puis nous utilisons les donnĂ©es prĂ©liminaires de la saison sur le terrain pour dĂ©crire le systĂšme physique du chenal de sĂ©paration, tel qu’observĂ© durant l’hiver du projet du CSC. Les donnĂ©es prĂ©liminaires montrent que la circulation ocĂ©anique est influencĂ©e par la propagation de tourbillon dans le golfe d’Amundsen (GA). Des caractĂ©ristiques de remontĂ©e d’eau le long de la lisiĂšre des glaces et le long d’élĂ©ments topographiques abrupts ont aussi Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es et identifiĂ©es comme des processus importants apportant des eaux riches en nutriments jusqu’à la zone euphotique. L’analyse de la vorticitĂ© relative de la glace de mer et de la superficie de la glace de mer par type dans le GA durant l’étude du CSC rĂ©vĂšle une variabilitĂ© accrue dans la vorticitĂ© de la glace Ă  la fin de l’automne 2007 et un accroissement des superficies de nouvelle et de jeune glace dans le GA durant l’hiver. L’analyse des donnĂ©es atmosphĂ©riques montre que la prĂ©sence d’un fort gradient de pression nord est – sud ouest au-dessus du GA en automne peut ĂȘtre une rĂ©ponse atmosphĂ©rique d’échelle synoptique aux flux de chaleur sensible et latente Ă  partir des zones d’eaux libres qui ont persistĂ© jusque vers la fin de novembre 2007. Le profil thermique de la couche limite atmosphĂ©rique mĂ©diane au-dessus du chenal de sĂ©paration du cap Bathurst durant la saison hivernale Ă©tait stable, ...

Table of contents

  1. Cover
  2. Half Title
  3. Title Page
  4. Copyright
  5. Contents
  6. Citation Information
  7. Notes on Contributors
  8. Foreword – for CMOS 50th Anniversary Publication
  9. PrĂ©face — concernant la publication du cinquantiĂšme anniversaire de la SCMO
  10. 1. Introduction
  11. 2. The International Polar Year (IPY) Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) System Study: Overview and the Physical System
  12. 3. Rehabilitation and Analysis of Canadian Daily Precipitation Time Series
  13. 4. Temperature and Precipitation Trends in Canada During the 20th Century
  14. 5. Changes in Daily and Extreme Temperature and Precipitation Indices for Canada over the Twentieth Century
  15. 6. An overview of the Second Generation Adjusted Daily Precipitation Dataset for Trend Analysis in Canada
  16. 7. Parametrization of Peatland Hydraulic Properties for the Canadian Land Surface Scheme
  17. 8. The 15-km Version of the Canadian Regional Forecast System
  18. 9. The Canadian Fourth Generation Atmospheric Global Climate Model (CanAM4). Part I: Representation of Physical Processes
  19. 10. Sensitivity of Climate Simulations to the Parameterization of Cumulus Convection in the Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model
  20. 11. The UVic Earth System Climate Model: Model Description, Climatology, and Applications to Past, Present and Future Climates
  21. Index

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