Friction and Wear of Ceramics

Principles and Case Studies

Bikramjit Basu, Mitjan Kalin, B. V. Manoj Kumar

• Publisher: Wiley-American Ceramic Society
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9781119538387
• eBook ISBN: 9781119538400
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Mechanical Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

This book covers the area of tribology broadly, providing important introductory chapters to fundamentals, processing, and applications of tribology. The book is designed primarily for easy and cohesive understanding for students and practicing scientists pursuing the area of tribology with focus on materials. This book helps students and practicing scientists alike understand that a comprehensive knowledge about the friction and wear properties of advanced materials is essential to further design and development of new materials.

The description of the wear micromechanisms of various materials will provide a strong background to the readers as how to design and develop new tribological materials. This book also places importance on the development of new ceramic composites in the context of tribological applications.

Some of the key features of the book include: Fundamentals section highlights the salient issues of ceramic processing and mechanical properties of important oxide and non-oxide ceramic systems; State of the art research findings on important ceramic composites are included and an understanding on the behavior of silicon carbide (SiC) based ceramic composites in dry sliding wear conditions is presented as a case study; Erosion wear behavior of ceramics, in which case studies on high temperature erosion behavior of SiC based composites and zirconium diboride (ZrB2) based composites is also covered; Wear behavior of ceramic coatings is rarely discussed in any tribology related books therefore a case study explaining the abrasion wear behavior of WC-Co coating is provided. Finally an appendix chapter is included in which a collection of several types of questions including multiple choice, short answer and long answer are provided.

Section I
Fundamentals of Ceramics: Processing and Properties

1
Introduction: Ceramics and Tribology

This foundational chapter introduces the readers to the multidisciplinary facets of tribology, viz. friction, wear, and lubrication. The technological significance of tribology is discussed and an overview of classification of engineering materials is provided. As this book largely discusses the tribological behavior of ceramics and their composites, typical properties and tribological applications of structural ceramic materials are emphasized. The overall structure of the book is presented toward the last part of the chapter.

1.1 Introduction

The word “tribology” originated from the Greek word “tribos” means rubbing [1, 2]. Tribology is described as “the science of interacting surfaces in relative motion and practices related there to.” The science of tribology primarily embraces the study of three components: friction, wear, and lubrication, as illustrated in Figure 1.1.

While a committee of UK government coined the word “Tribology” in 1966 [3], the interest in the tribology field is much older than the documented history. It is worth finding the footprints of tribology in early human age when fire was invented by friction between stones and/or woods [4]. Archives also show the knowledge of ancestors in reducing friction during translatory motion by studded wheels of a harvest car or by lubricating the path for transporting heavy Egyptian statues. Other records on tribology concepts in Paleolithic age include drill bits for hole drilling, stone or wood wheels for grinding cereals, etc. It is to note that systematic scientific investigations of friction and lubrication date back to few centuries, whereas the concept of wear is much younger, almost five years. This delayed attention on wear concept is probably due to the unavailability of electron microscopy and other instrumentation tools in the past. However, with the recent development of advanced microanalysis and spectroscopy tools, wear is now considered to be one of the potential components of tribology that helps in assessing the material loss and understanding the physics of material removal at surface and subsurface regions.

Figure 1.1 Schematic illustration of basic concept in tribology.

It is widely accepted in modern times that the friction and wear are major concerns in achieving sustainable growth in various industrial sectors like automotive, aerospace, construction, biomedical, optical, and microelectronics. In fact, a better understanding of tribology concepts is perceived to increase energy efficiency, reduce fossil fuels, and even improve health and lifestyle. As the performance of friction/wear components is strongly influenced by materials' behavior, novel material systems with superior properties and their processing technologies significantly influence the product efficiency and thereby cause impact on the economic sustainability.

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Friction is the resistance to motion that arises from the interactions of two solid surfaces at real contact area. It should be noted that the frictionless movement is needed in some applications, whereas some applications need friction.

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For example, applications like bridge supports, hinges on doors, bearings, rivets, human knee or hip joints, etc., need less friction at the contacts. However, applications like clutches, brake pads, etc., demand high and controllable friction at the contact. Nevertheless, the performance and life of engineering components for a particular application are generally based on the efficient control of friction and surface properties.

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The progressive material damage from the surface due to relative velocity at the contact with other material is referred to as wear.

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The phenomenon of wear can occur on surfaces of either or both mating materials, under different conditions like sliding, erosion, fretting, rolling, etc. It is important to note that mild wear in initial contact can progress rapidly dur...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Table of Contents
• About the Authors
• Foreword by Dr. Sanak Mishra
• Foreword by Prof. Koji Kato
• Preface: The Most Influential Science that Needs to Be Better Understood
• Section I: Fundamentals of Ceramics: Processing and Properties
• Section II: Fundamentals of Tribology
• Section III: Case Study: Sliding Wear of Ceramics
• Section IV: Case Study: Erosive Wear of Ceramics
• Section V: Case Study: Machining‐Induced Wear of Cermets
• Section VI: Future Scope
• Appendix: Appraisal
• Index
• End User License Agreement