Harmonics, Power Systems, and Smart Grids

Francisco C. De La Rosa

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9781351831062
• Edition: 2
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Harmonics, Power Systems, and Smart Grids, Second Edition compiles the most relevant aspects of harmonics in a way that the unfamiliar reader can better grasp the subject matter and the experienced reader can directly access specific subjects of interest. The text begins with a definition of harmonics, along with analytical expressions for electrical parameters under nonsinusoidal situations, and then:

• Discusses important and widely used industry standards to control harmonic distortion levels
• Describes methods to mitigate the effects of harmonics, detailing the operation principles and design of passive filters and active filter fundamentals
• Presents alternative methods, such as stiffer AC sources, power converters with increased number of pulses, series reactors, and load reconfiguration
• Reviews the elements that play a role in the study of the propagation of harmonic currents in a distribution network
• Explains how to determine power losses in electrical equipment attributed to harmonic waveform distortion
• Covers harmonics from solar and wind power converters and power electronics in FACTS and HVDC technologies
• Explores harmonics from electric vehicles connected to the grid, superconductive fault current limiters, and electric vehicle charging stations

Featuring three new chapters, a number of new examples and figures, and updates throughout, Harmonics, Power Systems, and Smart Grids, Second Edition provides a comprehensive reference on harmonic current generation, propagation, and control in electrical power networks, including the broadly cited smart grid.

1

Fundamentals of Harmonic Distortion and Power Quality Indices in Electric Power Systems

1.1 Introduction

Ideally, an electricity supply should invariably deliver a perfectly sinusoidal voltage signal at every customer location. However, for a number of reasons, utilities often find it hard to preserve such desirable conditions. The deviation of the voltage and current waveforms from sinusoidal is described in terms of the waveform distortion, often expressed as harmonic distortion.

Harmonic distortion is not new, and it constitutes at present one of the main concerns for engineers in the several stages of energy utilization within the power industry. In the first electric power systems, harmonic distortion was mainly caused by saturation of transformers, industrial arc furnaces, and other arc devices like large electric welders. The major concern was the effect that harmonic distortion could have on electric machines, telephone interference, and increased risk of faults from overvoltage conditions developed on power factor correction capacitors.

In the past, harmonics represented less of a problem due to the conservative design of power equipment and the common use of delta-grounded wye connections in distribution transformers.

The increasing use of nonlinear loads in industry is keeping harmonic distortion in distribution networks on the rise. The most used nonlinear device is perhaps the static power converter so widely used in industrial applications in the steel, paper, and textile industries. Other applications include multipurpose motor speed control, electrical transportation systems, and electrodomestic appliances. By 2000, it was estimated that electronic loads accounted for around half of U.S. electrical demand, and much of that growth in electronic load involved the residential sector.¹

A situation that has raised waveform distortion levels in distribution networks even further is the application of capacitor banks used in industrial plants for power factor correction and by power utilities for increasing voltage profile...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Author
• 1. Fundamentals of Harmonic Distortion and Power Quality Indices in Electric Power Systems
• 2. Harmonic Sources
• 3. Standardization of Harmonic Levels
• 4. Effects of Harmonics on Distribution Systems
• 5. Harmonic Measurements
• 6. Harmonic Filtering Techniques
• 7. Other Methods to Decrease Harmonic Distortion Limits
• 8. Harmonic Analyses
• 9. Fundamentals of Power Losses in Harmonic Environments
• 10. The Smart Grid Concept
• 11. Harmonics in the Present Smart Grid Setting
• 12. Harmonics from Latest Innovative Electric Grid Technologies
• Index