Facing Each Other (2 Volumes)

The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s Perception of the World

Anthony Pagden

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2017
• eBook ISBN: 9781351937429
• Topic: History
• Subtopic: World History
• Index: History

The perception of Europeans of the world and of the peoples beyond Europe has become in recent years the subject of intense scholarly interest and heated debate both in and outside the academy. So, too, has the concern with how it was that those peoples who were variously 'discovered', and then, as often as not, colonised, understood the strangers in their midst. This volume attempts to cover both these topics, as well as to provide a number of crucial articles on the difficulties faced by modern historians in understanding the complex, relationship between 'them' and 'us'. Inevitably such relationships not only changed over time, they also varied greatly from culture to culture. The articles, therefore cover most of the areas with which the European world came into contact from the earliest Portuguese incursions into Africa in the mid fifteenth century until the explorations of Cook and Bougainville in the Pacific in the late eighteenth. It ranges, too, from Brazil to Russia, from Tahiti to China.

An Expanding World
Volume 31: Part I

Facing Each Other

An Expanding World
The European Impact on World History 1450–1800

Volume 31: Part I

Facing Each Other

The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s Perception of the World

edited by
Anthony Pagden

First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis, and Introduction by Anthony Pagden.
For copyright of individual articles refer to the Acknowledgements.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library CIP data
Facing Each Other: The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s Perception of the World. – (An Expanding World: The European Impact on World History 1450–1800: Vol. 31).
1. Public opinion–Europe. 2. Europe–Foreign public opinion. 3. Europe–Civilization. 4. Europe–History.
I. Pagden, A.R. (Anthony Robin).
940

US Library of Congress CIP data
Facing Each Other: The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s Perception of the World/edited by Anthony Pagden.
p. cm. – (An Expanding World: The European Impact on World History 1450–1800: Vol. 31).
A collection of articles previously published in various sources, 1964–1996. Includes bibliographical references.
1. Europe–Relations–Foreign countries. 2. Europe–Public opinion. 3. Public opinion–Europe.
I. Pagden, Anthony. II. Series.
D1053.F33 2000 99–052638
940–dc21

ISBN 13: 978-0-86078-526-2 (hbk)

AN EXPANDING WORLD 31

First published 2000 in the Variorum Expanding World Series by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2017 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

This edition copyright © 2000 by Taylor & Francis and Introduction by Anthony Pagden. For copyright of individual articles refer to the Acknowledgements.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe

British Library CIP data
Facing Each Other: The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s
Perception of the World. — (An Expanding World: The European
Impact on World History 1450–1800: Vol. 31).
1. Public opinion-Europe. 2. Europe-Foreign public opinion.
3. Europe-Civilization. 4. Europe-History.
I. Pagden, A.R. (Anthony Robin).
940

US Library of Congress CIP data
Facing Each Other: The World’s Perception of Europe and Europe’s
Perception of the World/edited by Anthony Pagden.
p. cm. — (An Expanding World: The European Impact on World
History 1450–1800: Vol. 31).
A collection of articles previously published in various sources,
1964-1996. Includes bibliographical references.
1. Europe-Relations-Foreign countries. 2. Europe-Public opinion.
3. Public opinion-Europe.
I. Pagden, Anthony. II. Series.
D1053.F33 2000 99–052638
940–dc21

ISBN 13: 978-0-86078-526-2 (hbk)

AN EXPANDING WORLD 31

Contents

Acknowledgements

General Editor’s Preface

Introduction

——— Part I ———

GENERAL AND THEORETICAL

1 The Medieval West and the Indian Ocean: An Oneiric Horizon
Jacques Le Goff

2 The Image of the Barbarian in Medieval Europe
W.R. Jones

3 Aboriginal Property and Western Theory: Recovering a Middle Ground
James Tully

4 New Worlds and Renaissance Ethnology
Joan-Pau Rubiés

5 The Methodising of Travel in the 16th Century: A Tale of Three Cities
Justin Stagl

6 The Discovery of America and the Discovery of Man
J.H. Elliott

7 Strange Things, Gross Terms, Curious Customs: The Rehearsal of Cultures in the Late Renaissance
Steven Mullaney

8 Image de l’autre et image de soi-même dans le discours ethnologique au XVIIIe siècle
Roger Mercier

9 La Connaissance des autres: théories et pratiques
Tzvetan Todorov

ASIA

10 Asia in the Eyes of Europe: The Seventeenth Century
Donald F. Lack and Edwin J. Van Kley

11 Christian and Chinese Visions of the World in the Seventeenth Century
Jacques Gemet

12 Creating an Image of Europe for China: Aleni’s Hsi-fang ta-wen
John L Mish

——— Part II ———

13 Imagined Peripheries: The World and its Peoples in Japanese Cartographic Imagination
Masayuki Sato

14 China, the Confucian Ideal, and the European Age of Enlightenment
Walter W. Davis

15 Diderot and the Image of China in Eighteenth-Century France
Huguette Cohen

AMERICA

16 Amerindian Views of French Culture in the Seventeenth Century
Cornelius J. Jaenen

17 Facing up to Caribbean History
Jalil Sued-Badillo

18 English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583–1640: The Case of the American ‘Savages’
Karen Ordahl Kupperman

AFRICA

19 White Kings on Black Kings: Rui de Pina and the Problem of Black African Sovereignty
Peter Russell

20 Scratches on the Face of the Country; or, What Mr. Barrow Saw in the Land of the Bushmen
Mary Louise Pratt

21 African History, Anthropology, and the Rationality of Natives
Wyatt MacGaffey

PACIFIC

22 The Exotic as Erotic: Captain Cook at Tahiti
Roy Porter

23 The Pacific Ocean: The Eighteenth Century’s ‘New World’
Alan Frost

24 Possessing Tahiti
Greg Dening

25 Naturalist Versus Nations: Eighteenth-Century Russian Scholars Confront Ethnic Diversity
Yuri Slezkine

Index

Acknowledgements

The chapters in this volume are taken from the sources listed below, for which the editor and publishers wish to thank their authors, original publishers or other copyright holders for permission to use their materials as follows:

——— Part I ———

Chapter 1: Jacques Le Goff, ‘The Medieval West and the Indian Ocean: An Oneiric Horizon’, in trans. A. Goldhammer, Time, Work, and Culture (Chicago, 1980), pp. 189–200, 341–347. Copyright © by The University of Chicago Press.

Chapter 2: W.R. Jones, ‘The Image of the Barbarian in Medieval Europe’, Comparative Studies in Society and History XIII (Cambridge, 1971), pp. 376–407. Copyright © 1971 by Cambridge University Press.

Chapter 3: James Tully, ‘Aboriginal Property and Western Theory: Recovering a Middle Ground’, Social Philosophy and Policy XI (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 153–180. Copyright © 1994 by the Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation. Reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press.

Chapter 4: Joan-Pau Rubiés, ‘New Worlds and Renaissance Ethnology’, History and Anthropology VI, nos. 2–3 (Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 157–197. Copyright © 1993 by Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH.

Chapter 5: Justin Stagl, ‘The Methodising of Travel in the 16th Century: A Tale of Three Cities’, History and Anthropology IV (Amsterdam, 1990), pp. 303–338. Copyright © 1990 by Harwood Academic Publishers GmbH.

Chapter 6: J.H. Elliott, ‘The Discovery of America and the Discovery of Man’, Proceedings of the British Academy LVIII (London, 1972), pp. 101–125. Copyright © 1972 by The British Academy. Reproduced by permission of The British Academy.

Chapter 7: Steven Mullaney, ‘Strange Things, Gross Terms, Curious Customs: The Rehearsal of Cultures in the Late Renaissance’, Representations III (Berkeley, Calif., 1983), pp. 40–67. Copyright © 1983 by The Regents of the University of California. Reproduced by permission of the University of California Press.

Chapter 8: Roger Mercier, ‘Image de l’autre et image de soi-même dans le discours ethnologique au XVIIIe siècle’, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century CLIV (Oxford, 1976), pp. 1417–1435. Copyright © 1976 by The Voltaire Foundation.

Chapter 9: Tzvetan Todorov, ‘La Connaissance des autres: théories et pratiques’, L’Esprit Créateur XXV, no. 3 (Lexington, Ky., 1985), pp. 8–17. Copyright © 1985 by the University of Kentucky Press.

Chapter 10: Donald F. Lach and Edwin J. Van Kley, ‘Asia in the Eyes of Europe: The Seventeenth Century’, The Seventeenth Century V (Durham, 1990), pp. 93–109. Copyright © 1990 by the editors of The Seventeenth Century.

Chapter 11: Jacques Gernet, ‘Christian and Chinese Visions of the World in the Seventeenth Century’, Chinese Science IV (1980), pp. 1–7. Copyright © 1980 by Jacques Gernet.

Chapter 12: John L. Mish, ‘Creating an Image of Europe for China: Aleni’s Hsifang ta-wen’, Monumenta Serica XXIII, no. 1 (Sankt Augustin, 1964), pp. 1–87. Copyright © 1964 by the Institut Monumenta Serica.

——— Part II ———

Chapter 13: Masayuki Sato, ‘Imagined Peripheries: The World and its Peoples in Japanese Cartographic Imagination’, Diogenes XVIV/I (Providence, RI, 1996), pp. 119–145. Copyright © 1996 by Berghahn Books.

Chapter 14: Walter W. Davis, ‘China, the Confucian Ideal, and the European Age of Enlightenment’, Journal of the History of Ideas XVIV (Baltimore, Md., 1983), pp. 523–548. Copyright © 1983 by the Journal of the History of Ideas, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the Johns Hopkins University Press.

Chapter 15: Huguette Cohen, ‘Diderot and the Image of China in Eighteenth-Century France’, Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century CCXLII (Oxford, 1986), pp. 219–232. Copyright © 1986 by The Voltaire Foundation.

Chapter 16: Cornelius J. Jaenen, ‘Amerindian Views of French Culture in the Seventeenth Century’, Canadian Historical Review LV, no. 3 (1974), pp. 261–291. Copyright © 1974 by the University of Toronto Press, Inc. Reprinted by permission of the University of Toronto Press, Inc.

Chapter 17: Jalil Sued-Badillo, ‘Facing up to Caribbean History’, American Antiquity LVII, no. 4 (Washington, D.C., 1992), pp. 599–607. Copyright © 1992 by the Society for American Archaeology. Reproduced by permission of the Society for American Archaeology.

Chapter 18: Karen Ordahl Kupperman, ‘English Perceptions of Treachery, 1583— 1640: The Case of the American “Savages’”, The Historical Journal XX, no. 2 (Cambridge, 1977), pp. 263–...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Part 1 Half Title
• Part2 Half Title
• Index