Instrumentation for Heavy Ion Nuclear Research

Dan Shapira

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• eBook ISBN: 9781000674453
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Technology & Engineering
• Subtopic: Civil Engineering
• Index: Technology & Engineering

Reflecting the recent innovations in heavy ion detection systems, this volume presents the state of the art in these systems and discusses plans and techniques for new instrumentation to explore the newest frontier of heavy ion science - relativistic heavy ions. Topics covered include low mass detectors, the GSI magnetic spectrometer, the Berkeley high resolution ball and detectors for high energy heavy ion colliders.

THE HISS SPECTROMETER^*

DOUGLAS E. GREINER

Nuclear Science Division
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720

This talk describes the Heavy Ion Spectrometer System (HISS) facility at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory’s Bevalac. Three completed experiments and their results are illustrated. The second half of the talk is a detailed discussion of the response of drift chambers to heavy ions. The limitations of trajectory measurement over a large range in incident particle charge are presented.

1. The Hiss Facility

The HISS spectrometer is designed to allow multiparticle measurements with good resolution over a large solid angle. The main ingredient is the HISS superconducting dipole that provides up to 6 tesla-meters of bending over a 1 meter gap. Figure 1 shows that the vertical acceptance of the magnet can be as large as 30 degrees for targets placed in the center of the dipole. The detector positions are arbitrary. Figure 1 shows a setup that accepts reaction products from infinite rigidity down to 1 GV.

FIGURE 1 HISS Phase II detector system.

^*This work was supported by the Director, Office of Energy Research, Division of Nuclear Physics of the Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC03-76SF00098.

The detectors shown in Fig. 1, with the exception of the drift chamber module, have been built and tested. Hans Sann spoke about the Multiple Sampling Ionization Chamber earlier in the conference, so I will not discuss it further in this talk. There is a high resolution velocity detector, which will be added to the facility, that is not shown. It is based on total reflection of Cerenkov light and will be used for the higher charged particles. Mat Baumgartner will speak about it later in this conference. Experiments to date have used a pair of 1 m × 2 m drift chambers as the tracking device. These chambers were prototypes and will no longer be used. We have done extensive evaluations of a test model of the proposed new, large tracking chamber, and these results will comprise the second half of my talk.

2. Experiments at Hiss

A list of HISS experiments is shown in Table I. It is clear that there is a large backlog of experiments, including the proposed measurements, which are now approved. In order to show how HISS is used and to give you an understanding of the versatility of the facility, I will show the detector configurations and some of the results of a few of the experiments that have completed data taking.

TABLE I List of HISS Experiments.

No.	Title	Institution	Spokesperson	Hours
Approved HISS Experiments
512H	Large Pt+multiplicity	INS/LBL	Nagamiya	150 complete (June 1982)
513H	^12C multiparticle	LBL/SSL	Greiner	138 complete (June 1983)
516H	^56Fe multiparticle	LBL/SSL	Lindstrom	108
517H	Coulomb decay	LLL/LBL	Berman	93 complete
521H	p-p corrrelations	UCLA/LBL	Carroll	97 (dropped Sept. 1983)
593H	0 degree pi+z flow	INS/LBL	Hashimoto	249 complete (Dec. 1983)
614H	Limits of stability	LBL/SSL	Symons	100
655H	Missing Gamow-Teller	UCD/LBL	Brady	48
662H	Neutron spectra	KSU/LBL	Madey	262 (May 1984)
683H	^16O and ^56Fe excitation function	LSU/LBL/SSL	Wefel	96
684H	pi and k correlations	UCR/LBL	Beavis	212
690H	Nuclear radii	INS/LBL	Tanihata	16...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Nuclear Science Research Conference Series
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• In Memoriam
• Preface to the Series
• Preface
• The ORNL Supersonic Gas Jet Target
• A New Focal Plane Detector System for the Broad Range Spectrometer
• Gas Filled Ionization Chamber
• A Bragg Curve Spectrometer for a Multi Detector Array
• Low Mass Detectors
• Plastic Scintillator Detectors for the Study of Transfer and Breakup Reactions at Intermediate Energies
• Properties of Large BaF2 Crystals. Application as Fast and Efficient Gamma-Ray Detector in the 4π - γ Crystal Castle Array
• The GSI Magnetic Spectrometer
• The MSU Recoil Mass Spectrometer
• Secondary Beams at GANIL
• On Line Isotope Separators at Chalk River and Elsewhere
• TESSA - Its Present Status and Future Development
• The Berkeley High Resolution Ball
• The GSI - LBL Plastic Ball/Wall Spectrometer
• The Hiss Spectrometer
• Report on the 1984 LBL Workshop on Detectors for Relativistic Nuclear Collision
• Experiments and Detectors for High Energy Heavy Ion Colliders
• Detection of Photons and Leptons in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Conference Participants
• Author Index