Originally published in 1937, this book is a practical manual of Kanuri which will be of use to both the layman and the linguist. This analysis makes it clear that kanuri is a tone-language and the author urges the reader to observe the tone-system of the language so that the accidence can be fully understood, as grammatical tone sometimes forms an integral part of it. As this is a practical study, a practical orthography has been chosen - i. e one that uses only letters that are absolutely necessary. This system improved Kanuri orthography, as it was based on scientific principles.
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Yes, you can access A Study of the Kanuri Language by Johannes Lukas in PDF and/or ePUB format, as well as other popular books in Languages & Linguistics & Historical & Comparative Linguistics. We have over one million books available in our catalogue for you to explore.
1. The Kanuri Vowel sounds are represented by the following letters: G., a, e, i, o, u, Ó™.
α. is an open back Vowel resembling a in Engl. ‘father’; e.g. kâmman.
a is a front Vowel similar to the a in French ‘casser’ break, but slightly centralized. It is more forward than Engl. a. in ‘father’; e.g. kálalike.
In the neighbourhood of Velar consonants or vowels it is centralized and further back; e.g. bákcìn he beats, kâustone.
i is a close front vowel, closer than in Engl. ‘fee’; e.g. cîmouth.
o is a half-open back vowel, a little closer than ou in Engl. ‘ought’, but not as close as o in French ‘mot’; e.g. sónìnthey die.
It is made with strong lip-rounding, thus giving the impression of a slight u preceding.
The Kanembu dialect of the east difierentiates between open and close o; here it would be necessary to Write the open variety ɔ; cf. § 113.
u is a close back vowel, closer than in Engl. ‘boon’; e.g. bûblood.
ә is a close central Vowel, closer than the 0 in Engl. ‘command’, e.g. kәm
m
g
stammering.
In the neighbourhood of bilabial consonants or vowels it is further back; e.g. b
nenight, len
uyou go (and . . .).
2. The following diphthongs occur in Kanuri: ai, ei, oi, ui, au, au, ea, Ó™i, Ó™u, io, iu, oa, ou; e.g. mâiking, dÃyei we did, dôiswift, kugûihen, kâustone, yâuyou (pl.) drink, meâhundred, wûnz
geiyenwe expect you, Wún
uyou look at, diothe act of doing, S
Æ–iu spec. adverb, so
. well, kάtrou spec. adverb.
3. The Kanuri consonants are represented by the following characters:’, b, c, d, f, ƒ, g, h, j, 1, Ɩ, m, n, ny, ŋ, p, r, s, sh s, sh, t, v, w, x, y, z.
Long consonants are written by doubling the letter; e.g. kúttùunpleasant.
̕ represents the glottal stop; e.g. ά’
no.
b is a bilabial plosive, fully voiced as in Engl. ‘obey’ ; e.g. bâ no.
c is a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate; e.g. cîmouth. It is made with the blade of the tongue against the back part of the upper front gums and the front part of the palate.
d is a voiced alveolar plosive as in Engl. ‘adder’ ; e.g. dê empty.
f is a labio-dental fricative as in Engl. ‘feet’; e.g. fÃnditwenty.
ƒ is a bilabial fricative, that is to say, formed with both lips, and not by bringing the lower lip close to the upper teeth as is done in the case of f. The lip position is the same as in blowing out a match; e.g. ƒógocloud.
g is (1) a voiced velar plosive at the beginning of words and after ŋ ; e.g. gád
skin I grumble, Å‹g
là good. (2) Slightly fricative when between two voiced sounds (except when the preceding and following vowels are identical, see (3)); e.g. s
digà bottom.
(3) Omitted when standing between two identical vowels; e.g. sag
