Sedge Moths of North America, The (Lepidoptera

Glyphipterigidae)

John B. Heppner, Heppner

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2019
• Print ISBN: 9780916846329
• eBook ISBN: 9781351417341
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Biological Sciences
• Subtopic: Biology
• Index: Biological Sciences

Represents the first comprehensive study of these moths in North America north of Mexico using modern systematic procedures involving assessment of a number of morphological and biological characters in relation to their phylogenetic status. This study also represents a worldwide generic study made in conjunction with the revision of the North American species, primarily to ascertain realistic generic limits and the placement of the various genera once included in the heterogeneous concept of the family. Extralimital genera are noted in a catalog of generic names associated with the Glyphipterigidae.

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

Glyphipterigidae

(Figs. 128, 130–132)

Type-genus: Glyphipterix Hübner, [1825]

Glyphipterygidae Stainton, 1854a:103 (type-genus Glyphipteryx (Curtis, 1827) Zeller, 1839, invalid emendation (=Glyphipterix Hübner, [1825]), not sensu Curtis, 1827 (Agonoxenidae)); Stainton, 1854b:169; 1859a:153; 1859b:362; Walker, 1864: 837; Stainton, 1867:85; Heinemann, 1870:392; Wocke, 1871:309; Morris, 1872:133; Bang-Haas, 1875:35; Millière, [1876]:347;Wocke, [1876]:393; Hartmann, 1880:93; Meyrick, 1880:205; Donckier de Donceel, 1882:138; Fettig, 1882:166; Curo, 1883:68; Jourdheuille, 1883:190; Moore, [1887]: 524; Riley, 1891:104; Anonymous, 1897:2551; Rebel, 1901:129; Schütze, 1902:25; Turner, 1903: 76; Crombrugghe de Picquerdaele, 1906:1; Nickerl, 1908:1; Spuler, 1910:296; Meyrick, 1913b:23; 1914b:284; 1914c:l; Martini, 1916:132; Rebel, 1916:157; Barnes & McDunnough, 1917:181; Janse, 1917:203; Meyrick, [1920]:1003; 1921b:184; Forbes, 1923:350; Braun, 1924:244; Comstock, 1924:633; Chopra, 1925:359; Handlirsch, 1925:878; Janse, 1925:330; Tillyard, 1926:422; Lycklama, 1927:13; Philpott, 1927:337; Hudson, 1928:305; Leonard, 1928:554; Meyrick, 1928: 705; Vorbrodt, 1928:115; Matsumura, 1931:1078; Vorbrodt, 1931: 122; Hering, 1932: 175; Eckstein, 1933:108: Sterneck & Zimmermann, 1933:78; Meyrick, 1935:85; Pierce & Metcalfe, 1935:40; Amsel, 1936:353; Möbius, 1936:133; Le Marchand, 1937a:189; 1937b:217; Fletcher, 1938:110; Wu, 1938:378; Börner, 1939:1423; Hudson, 1939:456; McDunnough, 1939: 83; Naumann, 1939:119; Comstock, 1940:633; Fletcher & Clutterbuck, [1914]:104; Jäckh, 1942:194; Costa Lima, 1945:308; Heslop, 1945:27; Kloet & Hincks, 1945:132; Le Marchand, 1945:100; Procter, 1946:318; Turner, 1947:321; Viette, 1947:40; Imms, 1948:449; Lhomme, 1948: 493; Viette, 1949; 21; Amsel, 1950:26; Diakonoff, 1950:175: Bourgogne, 1951:386; Obenberger, 1952: 28; Börner, 1953:397; Ford, 1954:95; Wörz, 1954: 83; Clarke, 1955:25; Toll, 1956:3; Klimesch, 1961: 723; Kodama, 1961:35; Bleszynski, et al., 1965: 413; Brock, [1968]:245; Diakonoff, [1968]: 188; Klimesch, 1968:149; Brock, 1971:80; Duckworth, 1971:1; Chinery, 1972:185; MacKay, 1972:19; Davies, 1973:206; Hannemann & Urban, 1974:320; Dugdale, 1975:579; Diakonoff, 1977a:76; 1977b: 171; 1977c:3; Diakonoff & Heppner, 1977:81; Kuznetsov & Stekolnikov, 1977:27; Moriuti, 1977: 15; Diakonoff, 1978:45.

Aechmidae Bruand d’Uzelle, 1850:48 (type-genus: Aechmia Treitschke, 1833 (=Glyphipteriz HUbner, [1825]).

Gliphipterygidae Chambers, 1880b:199, missp.

Glyphipterigidae.— Rosenstock, 1885:438; Ford, 1949:126; Inoue, 1954:48; Turner, 1955:163; Inoue, et al., 1959:273; Common, 1966:42; Bradley, & Pelham-Clinton, 1967:126; Clarke, 1969:56; Common, 1970a:233; 1970b:810; Alford, 1971:172; Krogerus, et al., 1971:17; Common, 1974:104; Fibiger & Kristensen, 1974:9; Common, 1975:198; Watson & Whalley, 1975:210; Diakonoff, 1976:82; Diakonoff & Arita, 1976:179; Karsholt & Nielson, 1976:24; Duckworth & Eichlin, 1977:5; Heppner, 1977:124; Richards & Davies, 1977:1111; Heppner, 1978:48; Diakonoff, 1979:291; Leraut, 1980:81; Heppner, 1981a:309; 1981b:479; Heppner & Duckworth, 1981:1; Heppner, 1982a:38; 1982b: 220; 1982c:704; 1982d:257; 1983a:25; 1983b:99; 1984:54; Covell, 1984:432; Kyrki, 1984:78.

Glyphipserygidae Hartig, 1956:125, missp.

Glyphiptreygidae Hruby, 1964:259, missp.

Adults small to moderate (215 mm. forewing length). Head: frons and vertex smooth-scaled; labial palpus usually long and upturned, dorso-ventrally flattened on apical segment, rarely somewhat short and not distinctly dorsoventrally flattened; labial palpus usually with apical segment longest or subequal to 2nd segment; venter of segment 2 usually smooth-scaled, sometimes roughened, rarely with long scale tuft; maxillary palpus 2- to 4-segmented; haustellum naked, developed mandibles; moderate; pilifers large or small; ocellus well-developed, prominent; eye usually large; antenna usually moderate, thin, filiform, sometimes short and thickened, males with longer ventral setae than females. Thorax: smooth-scaled; relatively normal in relation to wing size. Forewing: usually elongate-oblong, sometimes shortened and somewhat broad; apex usually acute-rounded but sometimes more broadly rounded; margins usually somewhat convex except in very elongate-winged genera; termen with rounded falcate indentation from apex; tornus merges with termen; anal angle rounded; pterostigma well-developed; chorda usually present or vestigial, sometimes very long; cell usually without median vein or with vestigial vein; radial veins to costal margin except R5 usually to termen or apex; M1-M3 usually parallel to termen, free; cubital veins often parallel to tornus, rarely with CuA2 broadly convergent to CuA1 at tornus; CuA2 near end of cell; CuP present at margin, extended as fold; A1+2 with short to moderate basal fork; A3 very reduced at anal margin; A4 absent. Hindwing: elongateoblong or relatively narrow with acute pointed apex; costal margin relatively straight but somewhat sinuate; dorsal margin straight to rounded or abrupt anal angle; apex rounded or acute; termen distinct to rounded tornus or indistinct; Rs to or before apex, rarely vestigial near wing base, usually free of M1 but sometimes meeting M1 at end of cell; M1 and M2 usually closer than M2 to M3; M3 rarely absent; M3 often meeting CuA1 at end of cell; crossvein usually oblique toward tornus, rarely directed toward dorsal margin; CuA1 and CuA2 usually parallel; CuA2 from near end of cell; CuP present at margin, extended as fold; A1+2 with long or short basal fork; A3 long, from base of A2 fork; A4 at anal margin. Abdomen: elongate; coremata rarely present on last male segment latero-ventrally; articulation with thorax (Fig. 128) of tineoid type; posterior end rarely strongly modified as ventrally split hood for male genitalia (Figs. 130–131). Male genitalia: uncus and gnathos absent; tuba analis well-developed, often with lateral sclerotized ridges; socius absent; tegumen often narrow but stout, merged to vinculum to form elongate ring-like structure; tegumen rarely with lateral appendage attached distally to male abdominal modification as hood, appearing as secondary valvae (pleural lobes); vinculum convex, subquadrate or rectangular; saccus usually well-developed, narrow, often long, sometimes very broad, or reduced or absent; valva usually simple, setaceous, long or short, sometimes variously modified and stoutly sclerotized, with saccular point or other projected spines; corematal setae rarely on anterior side of valva; anellus (Fig. 132) tubular, with ventral split in sclerotized portion but there membranous to form tube, long or short, apically setaceous or without setae; anellus base articulated with valval base or fused to valval base; transtilla present and fused to valval base or only as extensions of valval base, rarely with long setaceous appendages appearing as secondary valvae; aedeagus attached to distal end of anellus, usually elongate, sometimes very long, with small phallobase, with apical spicule collar or smooth, rarely modified with ring of apical hooks; cornutus usually a small tubule, rarely absent or possibly deciduous, or as 3 large spines; vesica usually without spicules; ductus ejaculatorius usually with large campanulate hood near aedeagus or a hood-like structure distant from aedeagus. Female genitalia: ovipositor short or long, usually unmodified, rarely with projections on 8th sternite; papilla analis usually simple, setaceous, rarely sclerotized with sharp edges; apophyses short or long, usually thin; ostium bursae usually a membranous funnel often with an anterior sclerotized cup or mostly sclerotized, on intersegmental membrane between sternites 7 and 8, rarely modified as a central cone in a sunken circular sterigma or as an extended sclerotized narrow tube; ductus bursae thin, often sclerotized or membranous and wider; ductus seminalis from ductus bursae near ostium or near bursa or from special sclerotized junction; bulla seminalis small; corpus bursae usually ovate, moderate or elongate-ovate, sometimes small; accessory bursa sometimes present from anterior end of bursa; signum usually absent, sometimes present as spicule patch or fused spicule area or line, or row of large fused teeth-like spines.

Larva.- Generally unknown but known genera with head having 2 adfrontal setae (1 in Glyphipterix?); stemmata in semi-circle; 2 setae in L-group of prothorax; prolegs on segments 36 vestigial; crochets secondarily absent, rarely present in uniordinal lateral penellipse; spiracle often projected on a cone-like structure, especially on prothorax and 8th abdominal segment; tergite 10 sometimes as large sclerotized plate with large spines posteriorly.

Pupa.- Unspined dorsally but with 2 setae on each segment; head with sharp horn-like projections; maxillary palpus small; cremaster as...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Introduction
• Taxonomy
• Excluded Taxa
• Taxonomic Characters
• Biology
• Geographical Distribution
• Systematic Treatment
• Illustrations
• References
• Index to Plant Names
• Index to Animal Names