Nanobrain

The Making of an Artificial Brain from a Time Crystal

Anirban Bandyopadhyay

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Print ISBN: 9781439875490
• eBook ISBN: 9780429527180
• Topic: Informatik
• Subtopic: Informatik Allgemein

Making an artificial brain is not a part of artificial intelligence. It will be a revolutionary journey of mankind exploring a science where one cannot write an equation, a material will vibrate like geometric shape, and then those shapes will change to make decisions. Geometry of silence plays like a musical instrument to mimic a human brain; our thoughts, imagination, everything would be a 3D shape playing as music; composing music would be the brain's singular job. For a century, the Turing machine ruled human civilization; it was believed that irrespective of complexity all events add up linearly. This book is a thesis to explore the science of decision-making where events are 3D-geometric shapes, events grow within and above, never side by side. ?

The book documents inventions and discoveries in neuroscience, computer science, materials science, mathematics and chemistry that explore the possibility of brain or universe as a time crystal. The philosophy of Turing, the philosophy of membrane-based neuroscience and the philosophy of linear, sequential thought process are challenged here by considering that a nested time crystal encompasses the entire conscious universe. Instead of an algorithm, the pattern of maximum free will is generated mathematically and that very pattern is encoded in materials such that its natural vibration integrates random events exactly similar to the way nature does it in every remote corner of our universe. Find how an artificial brain avoids any necessity for algorithm or programming using the pattern of free will.

Rudrakṣetrajñavargaḥ samudayati yato yatra visʹrāntimṛcched-

yattattvam˙ yasya visʹvam˙ sphuritamayamiyadyanmayam˙ visʹvametat|

Svācchandyānandavṛndocchaladamṛtamayānuttaraspandatattvam˙

caitanyam˙ sʹān˙karam˙ tajjayati yadakhilam˙ dvaitabhāsādvayātma||

From the smallest thing of the universe (anuttara) the eternal primordial rhythm is born (spanda) and it fills the entire universe with that; that rhythm dances as the creator and the destroyer, it makes the self and destroys the self, it is born from what it makes.

1	Philosophical Transformation Essential to Reverse Engineer Consciousness

1.1 HOW DO WE DIFFER FROM THE EXISTING WORLDVIEW?

In our wonderful brain, we live in the past, present, and future at the same time. We are a creature of time, operate in time, and evolve with time. For more than 15 years, we have compiled the investigation of periodic vibrations or clocks deep inside a neuron, in the single proteins, to map the neuroscience of time. We have investigated the wide varieties of studies on complex nanomachines to see the dance and simultaneously listen to the music of proteins to learn how its atomic groups keep time as we live. We have compiled protein-inspired complex organic nanomachines to realize the creation of clocks that started life on this planet 4.5 billion years back. We feel that in the century-old adventure to learn “how do I exist,” we missed a key aspect of our brain. Our consciousness emerges in the femtosecond (10⁻¹⁵ s) clocks of a few atoms in the proteins to the nanosecond clocks of the protein complexes to the millisecond clocks of neurons in the 100-years clock (10¹¹ s) that regenerates our heart cells. Conscious experience has a time-bandwidth of 10²⁶ orders,—a brain is more than a black hole or a time machine (Buonomano, 2017). All the clocks at all levels simulate the past, present, and future; all interact with operating in real time. Unless we unveil how nature assembles the clocks following a metric that has no boundary, no assumption, and no rules to build, we cannot understand the physics of time—cannot explain how materials break symmetry to keep time. So, we made a journey to demystify the mathematics and the physics of time to eventually learn how an organic reaction could synthesis “time” in the architecture of clocks. In the universe of elementary particles, the knots and loops of energy transmission paths follow the symmetry of primes (Broadhurst and Kreimer, 1995). The use of prime numbers shocks us. Does the universe write its code using primes? George Orwell said, “Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.” We envision a map of the human brain as a 3D architecture of clocks, driven by a metric of primes that is the most fundamental pattern of the universe with zero assumptions. We foresee a mother’s womb like futuristic incubator synthesizing an organic artificial brain, namely, a nanobrain.

I insist upon the view that “all is waves.”

—Schrödinger letter to John Lighton Synge (9 November 1959), as quoted by Walter Moore in Schrödinger: Life and Thought (1989).

Ten fundamental transformations in the existing scientific culture are outlined in Figure 1.1. We describe 10 points one by one.

The current culture’s model of learning to learn science is to ask a series of questions, whose answers would be “yes” or “no” (i.e., a bit). The philosophical argument of the universe as “it from bit” (Wheeler, 1990) suggests that one could melt every single piece of information, from the smallest to the largest, into a “bit” stream. We melt matters, forces, identities, and invariants and rebuild them as a one-dimensional thread. Different questioners ask different questions about the same event, based on their own varied perceptions. It is a scientific practice to design and build machines that ask questions in a similar fashion, and then all the reviewers get the same result. Consensus on the right question is political, thus the majority paints a picture of nature (Kuhn, 1962). Perception has led to the 12 versions of quantum mechanics; the wildest dreams of the string universe have reduced 60 dimensions of the universe to just 10. Theories on how the brain works, what is consciousness, and multiverses are countless. If a “bit” or qubit brings a bias, to avoid it, the map that links the events is sensed from nature, which was otherwise ignored, and that map is converted into a geometric shape. An event’s key factors are set at the corners of that geometric shape, since each key factor is linked to many events: new events grow as a new geometric shape inside those corner points. It’s a tectonic shift from the sequential worldview: now events are growing within and above a corner point that is a singularity, not side-by-side bonded by a human bias called an algorithm.

FIGURE 1.1 Ten basic concepts where computing based on fractal of primes diverts from the existing practices of scientific studies.

The second point of Figure 1.1 suggests that if the events around us are geometric, then the sides of the shapes could be a ratio of integers and possibly represented as the nearest ratio of primes. Since the primes create the integers, when a few geometric shapes arrange to create an astronomically large number of structures of the universe, that could be viewed as an effort to create infinite series of integers from a few primes. The ratio of primes depicts the symmetry of a structure; thus, the natural pattern of primes would link the symmetries of all possible events around us. Most interestingly, life forms, which are an assembly of events at various spatial and time scales from molecules to cells, could have a common pattern of primes. A name is given here to this pattern: phase prime metric (PPM). Linking it with natural events would have many aspects (Harris and Subbarao, 1991; Warlimont, 1993; Dickau, 1999; Richmond and Knopfmacher, 1995).

The third point of Figure 1.1 is about the proactive roles of senses. The old school suggests to reject all choices but one, to set a logic. A system could itself be a seeker, not a dumb receiver; then we do not debate about the quantum collapse or rejection: it’s the one whom we want to select who is seeking us. Then, all the choices contribute, since the choices too have geometric shapes. They reshape: the corners of shape, made of singularity points, shift but hardly disappear. Imagine a thread passing through the singularity points: by finding the corners of a geometric shape perpetually, braiding of many such threads is how events unfold around us.

The fourth point in Figure 1.1 is a quest to find the basic language of nature, not imposing the human emotion-built logic as an algorithm to fit a few observations. Since a few primes, around 15, could generate 99.99% of all integers in the universe, if one finds a few geometric shapes intimately related to the first 15 primes:

(2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31,37,41,43,47)

Then a new language of geometric shapes could replicate 99.99% events happening around us in nature. That language is the geometric musical language, or GML (Agrawal, 2016b). The musical word refers to multiple interconnected clocks; when the system points move along circular paths, sonification leads to beautiful music. Fifteen primes are the 15 letters of GML, just like the English language has 26 letters. Cellular automaton promised to recreate the universe, starting from simple patterns (Wolfram, 2002). Here, the natural selection of automaton rules by a pattern of primes would create an astronomically large catalog of intelligent decision-making.

The fifth point of Figure 1.1 is the existing belief that space is fundamental, and the time is its derivative (Girelli, 2009). If we ask ourselves, “What does the geometric universe look like?” we learn that it is a 3D geometric shape, and each of its corners holds another geometric shape inside. Since each geometric shape is encircled by a clock connecting the corners, one could forget the shape and imagine a 3D architecture of clocks, that is, a time crystal, which could either be classical (Winfree, 1977) or quantum (Shapere and Wilczek, 2012). Thorough and wide-ranging documentation is presented in this book to help us rewrite a few physical phenomena (e.g., resonance and quantum mechanics, including basic math like addition and subtraction) in terms of nested circles or clocks (Chapter 4).

The sixth point of Figure 1.1 is developing a mathematical tool to analyze the world within and above. When a quantum has one imaginary world of time,—if we, say, imagine a mathematical universe with 12 imaginary worlds, one inside another, for every physics principle—that’s trivial. For 200 years, 4 and 7 imaginary worlds have been studied as quaternions and octonions (Cayley, 1845; Furey, 2018), but here the number of imaginary worlds would vary from 1 to 12, as groups of imaginary worlds interact. One imaginary world in quantum has made humanity crazy for over a century: imagine what 12 worlds would do! In that new paradigm, somewhere an imaginary world at layer 3 could interact with an element at layer 10 and affect some element at layer 1. The real world has no clue about this phenomenon. Such undetected manipulations increase manifold when we imagine 12 imaginary worlds: a dodecanion. Then there is no journey across the imaginary worlds like 3 → 10 → 1, but the loops like 3 → 10→ 1 → 5 → 9 → 3, which we call a manifold pathway. A new type of geometric algebra is to be born.

The seventh point of Figure 1.1 is to replace electronics with a new kind of information-processing device where a part of the device is made transparent that acts like gates. Then by storing charge in different patterns at different layers, some opaque to signals, some transparent, magnetic part of the light is harvested and that magnetic light is morphed into clocking vortices like artificial atoms and molecules. Imagine that different planes in a device are storing charges in different patterns and vibrating like clocks, and those interactive clocks are being read and printed in the cluster of magnetic vortex atoms. No flow of electrons: the device acts like soft mud. Artists with an electromagnetic source could sculpt many geometric shapes by storing charge; the pattern of charges would build a network of clocking loops of the pure magnetic field as a geometric shape. Time crystals of interactive planes holding the pattern of charges and the time crystal of magnetic atoms are similar. The flux-charge device is called Hinductor, since Chua asked us not to call it a memristor (Chua, 1971) and to give it a new name.

The eighth point of Figure 1.1 is about building new materials. Typically condensation, where a lot of energy levels come together, brings materials along with it, often using self-similar reaction kinetics (Kopelman, 1988) that could be programmed (Ghosh et al., 2016b). The code is written in a seed material in terms of primes: the ratio of resonance frequencies is a set of primes. Then, in a cavity, the seed material expands like prime numbers by similar self-assembling materials to eventually build integers. In doing so, different parts of the structure act like seeds and start building more cavities, clocks, and singularities, and those singularity points would connect, and every part of the structure would become a seed. When singularity domains of time crystals are filled all over a material, every part grows and decays simultaneously; such a phenomenon is termed here as fractal condensation (Chapter 9), which is ultrafast (Sahu, 2014).

The ninth point of Figure 1.1 is about multilayer interference, where the product wave functions of one interference are used as the ingredients for the next interference. For more than 35 years (Nye, 1983), in the 3D space, an electric or magnetic part of the light was neutralized. One could store and process information in an empty space, using strings of darkness (E = 0 or B = 0), which could never be used as particles. Here we compile research where the dark strings are produced in the vicinity of a material. What was being done earlier in open space is now to be done at the light-matter interface. Plenty of opportunities open if those strings are somehow reshaped as usable vortex-like atoms, then we can use them like matter and build unprecedented engineering. Starting from the atomic scale to the ultimate architecture, there are multilayered interferences: multilayer beating and multilayer condensation of spin-like clocks.

The tenth point of Figure 1.1 is about the inherent links between different kinds of forces and associated resonances operating in widely varied materials. If the resonance frequencies differ by several orders of magnitude, there are limiting velocities of carriers restricted by a given material. There cannot be an ideal material that allows all types of carriers to flow freely at all allowed speeds (i.e., fit for all time zones). If the events happening in nature integrate within and above in different time scales, then each layer acquires multiple fundamental constants, like the velocity of light, and exclusive action (one example of action is the Plank’s constant h), which gives birth to distinct imaginary worlds. Thus, a singular imaginary world in quantum is known to be found at the atomic scale, but here, since all imaginary worlds operate by the synthesis of an unprecedented carrier called magnetic vortex atoms, they follow a new mechanics (Chapter 4).

If everything is made of clocks, the past, present, and future are locations on a large time crystal architecture. A time crystal looks so different from different directions that if one reads it from 360° directions, using a probe time crystal, it appears very different. The sonification of a time crystal that represents a decision made by the brain resembles music, so maybe it also signifies life. The free will may originate from a composition of PPMs, whose symmetries are written in multinions; that is, one, three, seven, or eleven imaginary world tensors. The brain’s time crystal could well be a guest of its environment’s time crystal, which possibly is a tiny guest in the universe’s time crystal. The inherent music of thoughts modifies the biological elements to fill in the gaps of this chain, filling the universal mathematical pattern of free will. Therefore, expanding the pattern of prime to attain 15 prime symmetries more and more intricately is genuinely living and evolving in this universe.

1.2 TEN RESEARCH FIELDS THAT WE COVER HERE

In the last century, quantum concepts have transformed three major dimensions in our worldview. At the smaller scale, the distribution of energy is not continuous; the energy parcels into discrete, isolated packets. Second, the smallest entity that makes everything is a field like a rapidly changing jelly. Third, far distant particles or energy packets could reside in a single time coordinate. Occupying time is as pure as occupying space. Using the telescope and radar, we know what our universe looks like physically. One day, we would find what the universe looks like temporally; the journey begins here with a catalog of the clocks in the brain–body network to reverse engineer consciousness (Figure 7.15). The journey to visualize the architecture of time in life forms started in the 1970s as time crystals (Winfree, 1980, 1987). The culture to map the universe as a composition of time crystals would unfold only when new kind of sensor that acquires 11D data in the time crystal format would begin. A vision of a fractal-like universe, with nested spheres ad infinitum, was envisaged by the Swedish astronomer C. Charlier (18...

Table of contents

• Cover
• Half Title
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Table of Contents
• Preface
• Author
• Summary of the Chapters
• Chapter 1 Philosophical Transformation Essential to Reverse Engineer Consciousness
• Chapter 2 Replacing Turing Tape with a Fractal Tape: Fractal Information Theory (FIT) and Geometric Musical Language (GML)
• Chapter 3 Phase Prime Metric (PPM) Links All Symmetries in Our Universe and Governs Nature’s Intelligence
• Chapter 4 Fractal Mechanics Is Not Quantum but Original—Geometric Algebra for a Dodecanion Brain
• Chapter 5 Big Data in the Garden of Gardens (GOG)—Universal Time Crystal
• Chapter 6 Unprecedented Technologies found in Nature Led by Harvesting the Geometry of Singularity
• Chapter 7 A Complete, Integrated Time Crystal Model of a Human Brain
• Chapter 8 Hinductor Not Memristor—Synthesis of Atoms and Crystals Made of Magnetic Light
• Chapter 9 Brain Jelly to Humanoid Avatar—Fractal Reaction Kinetics, Fractal Condensation, and Programmable Matter for Primes
• Chapter 10 Uploading Consciousness—The Evolution of Conscious Machines of the Future
• Bibliography
• Index