Brainstorming Questions in Toxicology

P. K. Gupta

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• ISBN:
  9781000032963
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Medizin
• Subtopic: Toxikologie

Brainstorming Questions in Toxicology is designedto serve as a comprehensive, quick reference supplement for various examinations that include sections on toxicology. It reflects the breadth and multidisciplinary nature of toxicology with an objective approach to the subject. With3500 short questions and answers, multiple choice questions, true/false or correct/incorrect statements, fill in the blanks, and matching the statements, this book is a helpful tool for students, teachers and toxicologists preparing for licensure and certification exams. It is also a resource or refresher for toxicologists working in pharmacy, medical, clinical and forensic toxicology, veterinary, and other related fields such as environment and eco-toxicology.

Key Features:

• Serves as a refresher for academicians and professionals in the field of toxicology
• Provides an essential guide for the student who needs a study aid for toxicology andthe teacher of toxicology who needs inspiration when composing questions for their students
• Supplementsin-house training courses in toxicologythat exist in some pharmaceutical and chemical industries

SECTION 1

GENERAL TOXICOLOGY

CHAPTER 1

PRINCIPLES OF TOXICOLOGY

1.1 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

(Choose the most appropriate response.)

Exercise 1

Q.1. ‘It is the dose that differentiates a toxicant from a poison.’ This statement was made by scientist ________.

a) Paracelsus

b) Hippocrates

c) Socrates

d) Homer

Q.2. The branch of science that deals with assessing the toxicity of substances of plant and animal origin and those produced by pathogenic bacteria is ________.

a) toxicology

b) toxinology

c) toxicokinetics

d) toxicodynamics

Q.3. Minimum dose of a toxicant producing the desired response is called ________.

a) ceiling dose

b) threshold dose

c) both a and b

d) none

Q.4. The Arthus reaction is seen in the hypersensitivity of ________.

a) type I

b) type II

c) type III

d) type IV

Q.5. The Coolie breeds of dogs are hypersensitive to ________.

a) Albendazole

b) Ivermectin

c) both

d) none

Q.6. The measure of the margin of safety of a toxicant is obtained by ________.

a) LD50/ED 99

b) LD 1/ED 99

c) ED50/LD 50

d) LD50/ED 50

Q.7. A substance is called as moderately toxic if its median lethal dose is ________.

a) 1–5 mg

b) 5–500 mg

c) 0.5–1 g

d) >1 g

Q.8. A toxic substance produced by a biological system is specially referred to as a ________.

a) toxicant

b) toxin

c) xenobiotic

d) poison

Q.9. Allergic contact dermatitis is ________.

a) a non-immune response caused by a direct action of an agent on the skin

b) an immediate type-I hypersensitivity reaction

c) a delayed type-IV hypersensitivity reaction

d) characterized by the intensity of reaction being proportional to the elicitation dose

e) not involved in photoallergic reactions

Q.10. The reference dose (RfD) is generally determined by applying which of the following default procedures?

a) An uncertainty factor of 100 is applied to the NOAEL in chronic animal studies

b) A risk factor of 1000 is applied to the NOAEL in chronic animal studies

c) A risk factor of 10,000 is applied to the NOAEL in subchronic animal studies

d) An uncertainty factor between 10,000 and 1 million is applied to the NOAEL from chronic animal studies

e) Multiplying the NOAEL from chronic animal studies by 100

Q.11. Which of the following concerning the use of the ‘benchmark dose’ in risk assessment is not correct?

a) Can use the full range of doses and responses studied

b) Allows use of data obtained from experiments where a clear ‘no observed adverse effect level’ (NOAEL) has been attained

c) May be defined as the lower confidence limit on the 10% effective dose

d) Is primarily used for analyses of carcinogenicity data and has limited utility for analyses of developmental and reproduction studies that generate quantal data

e) Is not limited to the values of the administered doses

Q.12. Admi...