Private Security

An Introduction to Principles and Practice

Charles P. Nemeth

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2017
• ISBN:
  9781498723367
• Edition: 1
• Topic: Informatik
• Subtopic: Cybersicherheit

There are few textbooks available that outline the foundation of security principles while reflecting the modern practices of private security as an industry. Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice takes a new approach to the subject of private sector security that will be welcome addition to the field.

The book focuses on the recent history of the industry and the growing dynamic between private sector security and public safety and law enforcement. Coverage will include history and security theory, but emphasis is on current practice, reflecting the technology-driven, fast-paced, global security environment. Such topics covered include a history of the security industry, security law, risk management, physical security, Human Resources and personnel, investigations, institutional and industry-specific security, crisis and emergency planning, critical infrastructure protection, IT and computer security, and more.

Rather than being reduced to single chapter coverage, homeland security and terrorism concepts are referenced throughout the book, as appropriate. Currently, it vital that private security entities work with public sector authorities seamlessly—at the state and federal levels—to share information and understand emerging risks and threats. This modern era of security requires an ongoing, holistic focus on the impact and implications of global terror incidents; as such, the book's coverage of topics consciously takes this approach throughout.

Highlights include:

• Details the myriad changes in security principles, and the practice of private security, particularly since 9/11
• Focuses on both foundational theory but also examines current best practices—providing sample forms, documents, job descriptions, and functions—that security professionals must understand to perform and succeed

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• Outlines the distinct, but growing, roles of private sector security companies versus the expansion of federal and state law enforcement security responsibilities
• Includes key terms, learning objectives, end of chapter questions, Web exercises, and numerous references—throughout the book—to enhance student learning

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• Presents the full range of career options available for those looking entering the field of private security

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• Includes nearly 400 full-color figures, illustrations, and photographs.

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Private Security: An Introduction to Principles and Practice provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of modern security issues and practices on the market. Professors will appreciate the new, fresh approach, while students get the most "bang for their buck, " insofar as the real-world knowledge and tools needed to tackle their career in the ever-growing field of private industry security.

An instructor's manual with Exam questions, lesson plans, and chapter PowerPoint® slides are available upon qualified course adoption.

Chapter 1

Security origins and development

Objectives

After completing this chapter, the student will be able to

1.Review the concepts of private security, and law and order in the Greek and Roman civilizations.

2.Describe the concepts of self-help and self-protection evident in the feudal system of Europe.

3.Outline the evolution of public safety in England beginning with the Middle Ages and progressing through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

4.Define “hue and cry,” “watch and ward,” and “posse comitatus” established by the Statute of Winchester of 1285.

5.Discuss the influence of the English culture and tradition on the American legal system evident in early colonial law enforcement.

6.Explain the ways in which private security is embedded in the nation’s tradition and is an essential contributor to justice in modern America.

7.Identify the various classifications and functions of the private security industry in America.

8.Compare and contrast the many codes of ethics and statements of values in the private security industry today.

1.1Introduction

Precisely how formal law enforcement engages the larger culture and community is a question of tradition, function, and necessity. Any reasoned analysis of “policing” usually begins with the public conception—that view that law enforcement is a function of government—of public officialdom. State and local police as well as federal authorities such as the FBI, DEA, and ATF capture our attention as if this method of delivering police services has always been intact. This knee-jerk conclusion, that policing is by nature governmental, has taken hold so deeply that most students of policing forget the governmental version be an aberration of sorts since policing in the community has been more a private affair than a public one over the last 3,000 years. By private policing, one assumes that the private citizen takes lead role in the delivery of protection services. How that private service is provided will vary depending upon a host of factors, historical conditions, and cultural tolerations. It could be a watch system, block committee, a posse comitatus, and the citizens’ power to arrest and search as well as the conscious decision to defend property as individuals or a collective. In the latter case, the private citizen relies on self rather than some agency of government.1

Historically, the concepts of self-help and self-protection were considered foundational to security and the assurance of social order. Over the vast expanse of history, law enforcement functions were not delegated to professionals or outside parties but retained and carried out by community members, volunteers, and designated parties who watched over the geography unique to a particular community. The private citizen was by most measures the chief party responsible for the safety and security of a community while public law enforcement does not appear until the late nineteenth century. Like any other type of institution, its practices and procedures are not fixed in a day, but emerge in an evolutionary sense.2 Any clear and accurate assessment of private security and private sector justice begins at the beginning when most concluded that private protection is and was the preferred means of providing police services. Private protection, self-defense, personal protection of property, communal watches and wards, and neighborhood protection systems are not modern inventions but embedded historical practices, which undergird not only private security but also the public protection systems we now take for granted. These principles, derived from English law and the Anglo-Saxon tradition, and subsequently adapted to American jurisprudence, provide a panorama for how public and private protection systems not only emerged but legally operate. For example, what were the early parameters for protection of property? The right of self-help was first recognized within the common law and early codifications of English law. A man’s home was indeed his castle, if he was fortunate enough to possess one. To protect his property and life, a person was entitled to use even deadly force. Eventually, these principles were codified or made applicable by case law determinations. Never has been a broad rejection of the private citizen’s right to protect self and property, and by extension, these same rights were extended to collectives, to towns and cities, to neighborhoods and groups.3 Self-help, self-determination, and self-defense are not foreign to our way of doing things; instead, these principles are deeply woven into our notions of policing and crime prevention.

To say the least, the modern idea of public safety cannot avoid its historical heritage.

1.2Security from ancient times

Early emanations of security and crime prevention can be traced to the earliest civilizations. For example, the maintenance of law and order in the Greek and Roman empires were primarily the function of the military and its command structure. Order was maintained in the empire not because of some formal entity, but because the power base was rooted in military authority.

Although the word “police” has a classical origin—the Greek politeuein “to act as a citizen of a polis”—the metropolitan police forces we are accustomed to did not exist in the ancient world. A few cities had some form of institutionalized keepers of the peace—“magistrates of the peace”—but municipal police forces are a nineteenth century phenomenon: the British “bobbies” named for the Prime Minister Robert Peel appear in the 1830s.4

In Rome, the centerpiece of any protection system was the safety and well-being of the empire and emperor, a task that required a host of policing functions. The institution of the Praetorian Guard that kept vigil over Caesar could be construed as an early police system. Jones and Newburn coherently link the praetorian mission with traditional personal protection.

[T]his imperial bod...